Imaging the rapidly developing brain: Current challenges for MRI studies in the first five years of life

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 100893 - 100893

Published: Dec. 12, 2020

Rapid and widespread changes in brain anatomy physiology the first five years of life present substantial challenges for developmental structural, functional, diffusion MRI studies. One persistent challenge is that methods best suited to earlier stages are suboptimal later stages, which engenders a trade-off between using different, but age-appropriate, different or identical across stages. Both options have potential benefits, also biases, as pipelines each stage can be matched on age-appropriateness methods, not both. This review describes data acquisition, processing, analysis introduce these biases attempts elucidate decisions make recommendations would optimize comparisons.

Language: Английский

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Pericytes Across the Lifetime in the Central Nervous System

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 12, 2021

The pericyte is a perivascular cell type that encapsulates the microvasculature of brain and spinal cord. Pericytes play crucial role in development maintenance blood-brain barrier (BBB) have multitude important functions brain. Recent evidence indicates impairment has been implicated neurovascular pathology associated with various human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke. Although essential for normal function, knowledge about its developmental trajectory anatomical distribution limited. This review article summarizes scientific community’s current understanding pericytes’ regional heterogeneity their changes during major life stages. More specifically, this focuses on differentiation migration development, population differences adult brain, pathological aging. Most what known pericytes come from studies cerebral cortex hippocampus. Therefore, we highlight need to expand our function whole better delineate type’s conditions.

Language: Английский

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An Alternative Explanation for Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease Initiation from Specific Antibiotics, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Neurotoxins

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(3), P. 517 - 530

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Fetal oxygenation in the last weeks of pregnancy evaluated through the umbilical cord blood gas analysis

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 21, 2023

Embryo and fetus grow mature over the first trimester of pregnancy in a dynamic hypoxic environment, where placenta development assures an increased oxygen availability. However, it is unclear whether how oxygenation changes later trimesters and, more specifically, last weeks pregnancy.Observational study that evaluated gas analysis umbilical cord blood collected from cohort healthy newborns with gestational age ≥37 weeks. Umbilical venous arterial levels as well fetal extraction were calculated to establish level pregnancy. In addition, lactate, carbon dioxide production analyzed oscillations may induce metabolic effects utero.This demonstrates progressive increase 37th 41st gestation (mean PaO2 approximately 20 25 mmHg; p < 0.001). This largely attributable growing PaO2, regardless delivery modalities. neonates born by vaginal delivery, availability associated modest extraction, while cesarean section, reduced lactate production. Independently type moderately increased. These findings suggest shift prevalent anaerobic metabolism (Warburg effect) towards aerobic metabolism.This confirms fetuses environment becomes progressively less gestation. The seems favor during intrauterine life; we hypothesize this environmental change have implications for maturation life.

Language: Английский

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Early life stress and brain plasticity: from molecular alterations to aberrant memory and behavior

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 131 - 142

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Abstract Early life stress (ELS) is one of the most critical factors that could modify brain plasticity, memory and learning abilities, behavioral reactions, emotional response in adulthood leading to development different mental disorders. Prenatal early postnatal periods appear be sensitive mammals, thereby action various at these stages might result neurodegeneration, impairment, mood disorders later life. Deciphering processes underlying aberrant neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, cerebral angiogenesis as well deeper understanding effects ELS on will provide novel approaches prevent or cure psychiatric neurological deficits caused by stressful conditions earliest ontogenesis. Neuropeptide oxytocin serves an amnesic, anti-stress, pro-angiogenic, neurogenesis-controlling molecule contributing dramatic changes plasticity ELS. In current review, we summarize recent data molecular mechanisms ELS-driven with particular focus oxytocin-mediated neurogenesis angiogenesis, establishment, forgetting.

Language: Английский

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