Effects of human disturbances on wildlife behaviour and consequences for predator-prey overlap in Southeast Asia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Some animal species shift their activity towards increased nocturnality in disturbed habitats to avoid predominantly diurnal humans. This may alter diel overlap among species, a precondition most predation and competition interactions that structure food webs. Here, using camera trap data from 10 tropical forest landscapes, we find hyperdiverse Southeast Asian wildlife communities peak early mornings intact dawn dusk (increased crepuscularity). Our results indicate anthropogenic disturbances drive opposing behavioural adaptations based on rarity, size feeding guild, with more the 59 rarer specialists' diurnality for medium-sized generalists, less larger hunted species. Species turnover also played role underpinning community- guild-level responses, associated markedly detections of generalists predators. However, predator-prey or competitor guilds does not vary disturbance, suggesting net be conserved.

Language: Английский

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The rise of hyperabundant native generalists threatens both humans and nature

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(5), P. 1829 - 1844

Published: June 13, 2023

ABSTRACT In many disturbed terrestrial landscapes, a subset of native generalist vertebrates thrives. The population trends these disturbance‐tolerant species may be driven by multiple factors, including habitat preferences, foraging opportunities (including crop raiding or human refuse), lower mortality when their predators are persecuted (the ‘human shield’ effect) and reduced competition due to declines disturbance‐sensitive species. A pronounced elevation in the abundance wildlife can drive numerous cascading impacts on food webs, biodiversity, vegetation structure people coupled human–natural systems. There is also concern for increased risk zoonotic disease transfer humans domestic animals from with high pathogen loads as proximity increases. Here we use field data 58 landscapes document supra‐regional phenomenon hyperabundance community dominance Southeast Asian wild pigs macaques. These two groups were chosen prime candidates capable reaching they edge adapted, gregarious social structure, omnivorous diets, rapid reproduction tolerance proximity. Compared intact interior forests, densities degraded forests 148% 87% higher boar macaques, respectively. >60% oil palm coverage, pig‐tailed macaque estimated abundances 337% 447% than <1% respectively, suggesting marked demographic benefits accrued calorie‐rich subsidies. was extreme forest >20% cover where pig accounted >80% independent camera trap detections, leaving <20% other 85 mammal >1 kg considered. Establishing macaques imperative since linked fauna flora local ecosystems, health, economics (i.e., losses). severity potential negative effects motivate control efforts achieve ecosystem integrity, health conservation objectives. Our review concludes that rise generalists mediated specific types degradation, which influences ecology natural areas, creating both positive detrimental ecosystems society.

Language: Английский

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What can we learn from the five-year African swine fever epidemic in Asia?

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Today’s global swine industry is exposed to the unprecedented threat of African fever (ASF). Asia, site most recent epidemics, could serve as a huge viral reservoir for rest world given severity damage, industry, and high volume trade with other countries around world. As majority ASF notifications in Asia today originate from pig farms, movement live pigs associated pork products are considered critical control points disease management. Particularly, small-scale or backyard farms low biosecurity levels major risk factors. Meanwhile, wild boars account notified cases some regions, which makes epidemiological scenario different that Asian countries. such, current epidemic situation higher factors differ widely between these A variety studies on have been conducted many valuable insights obtained Asia; nevertheless, overall picture still unclear. The purpose this review provide an accurate across focusing each subregion comprehensively explain outbreak. knowledge gained epidemics experienced over past 5 years would be useful areas already infected, such Europe, well non-affected address preventive measures. To end, includes two aspects: descriptive analytical based publicly available databases showing trends, individualized at subregional level literature.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Strategies for Developing Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools for African Swine Fever

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2169 - 2169

Published: Oct. 28, 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars all ages. Over a span 100 years, ASF has continued to spread over continents adversely affects global pig industry. To date, no vaccine or treatment been approved. The complex genome structure diverse variants facilitate immune evasion virus (ASFV). Recently, advanced technologies have used design various potential candidates effective diagnostic tools. This review updates platforms that are currently being worldwide, with focus on genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, including an understanding their efficacy limitations safety stability. Furthermore, ASFV detection presented discuss incorporate challenges remain be addressed for conventional methods. We also highlight nano-bio-based system enhances sensitivity specificity. A combination prophylactic vaccines point-of-care diagnostics can help effectively control ASFV.

Language: Английский

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Threatened synanthropes depend on intact forests: a critical evaluation of Moore et al. (2023)

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

ABSTRACT Synanthropes are known for their remarkable adaptability to coexist with humans, yet increased visibility exposes them significant threats, such as hunting or conflict over resources. Moore et al. 's review ‘The rise of hyperabundant native generalists threatens both humans and nature’ ( https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12985 ) explores distribution patterns impacts macaques pigs in anthropogenic environments. Our critical evaluation this study revealed several substantial issues: the pooling data from species that ecologically behaviourally distinct, an error acquisition, potential biases statistical analyses, misrepresentations threats wildlife human‐impacted habitats. Additionally, we highlight lack evidence supporting authors' core assertion hyperabundance species. While compare densities abundance across various habitat types, analyses did not demonstrate population increases time. On contrary, our re‐analysis sets showed a decreasing trend Macaca nemestrina absence M. fascicularis 44% surveyed habitats characterized by medium high forest integrity. Further, findings emphasize importance intact forests predicting relative pigs. Overall, recommend more careful interpretation data, can result negative sensational discourses about overabundance, which may threaten conservation often thrive landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Abundant top predators increase species interaction network complexity in northeastern Chinese forests

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract Species interactions remain a cornerstone in shaping community dynamics and structure, alongside other factors, such as climate conditions human activities. Although network structure is known to influence stability ecosystem functioning, the roles of top predators interaction obscure. We examined 5–7‐year time series species detections for mammal communities multiple protected areas investigate association between structure. Our findings suggest that abundant species, day‐active with wide habitat breadth interact more did were affected by vehicle disturbance. With increased densities predators, networks exhibited greater complexity, connectance, nestedness average degree. An density mesopredators, yellow‐throated martens badgers, was associated sparser, less nested, but centralized networks. Top reduced degree highly interactive making them specialized, general. In particular, this redistribution not driven direct changes seemingly non‐consumptive or indirect effects. emphasize pivotal role main structuring within northeastern China's communities, large implications conservation management.

Language: Английский

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Preliminary study of canine distemper virus transmission from small mammals to Malayan tiger at Kampung Besul Lama, Terengganu, Malaysia

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 791 - 798

Published: April 1, 2025

Background and Aim: The increasing human-wildlife interface due to urbanization agricultural expansion has escalated the risk of zoonotic interspecies disease transmission. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a highly contagious Morbillivirus, been documented in various carnivorous non-carnivorous species. In 2019, Malaysia reported its first case CDV infection wild Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris malayensis) named Awang Besul Kampung Lama, Terengganu. However, potential role small mammals as intermediate hosts transmission remains poorly understood. This study aimed investigate reservoir for provide molecular confirmation these species, thereby assessing their enzootic viral maintenance cross-species apex predators like tiger. Materials Methods: Wildlife sampling was conducted between July 2023 May 2024 where previously detected A total 77 from different species were captured using baited live traps. Species identification performed based on morphological characteristics. Biological samples collected through nasal ocular swabs analyzed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detect RNA. Positive isolates subjected sequencing Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis characterization. Results: Molecular detection confirmed RNA three common tree shrews (Tupaia glis), marking this Phylogenetic hemagglutinin (H) gene revealed 99.50% nucleotide similarity Malaysian strain (BesulMY/Malaysia/PP894823.1). These findings suggest that may act overlooked hosts, facilitating spillover domestic animals wildlife. Conclusion: provides evidence shrews, highlighting sustaining an state acting conduit Given critically endangered status tigers, targeted surveillance One Health-based mitigation strategies are essential prevent further events could accelerate decline. Keywords: canine virus, tiger, detection, mammals, wildlife conservation, spillover.

Language: Английский

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Global Tiger Density Linked With Forest Carbon Stock, Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) survival, as apex predators in forest ecosystems, largely depends on abundant prey healthy, intact forests. Because large herbivore are drivers of plant biomass, we reasoned that tiger distribution and density probably also closely linked with carbon (C) stock, the management which is critical for mitigating climate change. However, whether tigers exert top‐down control C stocks or passive surrogate indicators bottom‐up a salient unanswered question conservation management, particularly trophic rewilding. Here, compiled estimates global presence to test effects tiger‐carbon relationships along gradient from “empty forests” without “target state” ecosystems living at different abundances. Our results showed was associated higher vegetation stocks, lower emissions, inputs globally. Top‐down via ungulate biomass were stronger less established Furthermore, soil increased reached peaks four habitat types covering most range. findings reveal tigers, represented by their density, both an indicator driver ecosystem depending underlying ecological conditions, could safeguard forests against future emissions improve our understanding climate‐C cycle feedback.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of human–tiger conflict risk and potential mitigation approaches

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Human–wildlife conflict has become a significant challenge for conservationists, particularly in areas where endangered species, such as large carnivores, are recovering. If we fail to keep balance between the interests of humans and wildlife, human–wildlife can have adverse outcomes. However, drivers conflict, how mitigate often poorly understood. In this study, aimed explore possible causes potential mitigating approaches human–tiger risks through spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Based on data from reports Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) preying cattle camera trap detection 2014 2019 Hunchun, Northeast China, predicted occurrence created risk maps encounters. We found that was positively driven by prey distribution negatively pastures used domestic grazing. Livestock increasingly predated with limited preferred prey, is, wild pig Sus scrofa sika Cervus nippon ), closer proximity cattle‐grazing land. On basis our models, divided utilized human tigers into low‐, medium‐, high‐risk across multiple scales. suppose scale partitioning management might effectively reduce encounters, prompt harmonized coexistence tigers, provide new solutions other experiencing conflicts.

Language: Английский

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Pig virus imperils food security in Borneo

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6680), P. 267 - 267

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.05010015021 Jan 202428 202404 Feb 202411 20241,0660TotalFirst 30 Days6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the first days after content publication

Language: Английский

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