Particles
are
essential
building
blocks
in
nanomedicine
and
cell
engineering.
Their
administration
often
involves
blood
contact,
which
demands
a
hemocompatible
material
profile.
Coating
particles
with
isolated
membranes
is
common
strategy
to
improve
hemocompatibility,
but
this
solution
nonscalable
potentially
immunogenic.
Cell
membrane-like
lipid
coatings
promising
alternative,
as
lipids
can
be
synthesized
on
large
scale
used
create
safe
supported
bilayers.
However,
method
controllably
scalably
lipid-coat
wide
range
of
has
remained
elusive.
Here,
an
on-particle
solvent-assisted
coating
(OPSALC)
introduced
innovative
technique
endow
various
types
coatings.
formation
efficiency
shown
depend
concentration,
buffer
addition
rate,
solvent:buffer
ratio,
these
parameters
determine
assembly
lipid–surface
interactions.
Four
formulations
levels
erythrocyte
membrane
mimicry
explored
terms
demonstrating
reduced
particle-induced
hemolysis
plasma
coagulation
time.
Interestingly,
higher
show
the
lowest
complement
activation
highest
colloidal
stability.
Overall,
OPSALC
represents
simple
yet
scalable
facilitate
blood-contact
applications.
Micro,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 9 - 9
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli)
and
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
(A.
tumefaciens)
are
bacterial
species
commonly
found
in
the
environment,
they
can
do
much
harm
to
humans,
animals
plants.
As
a
result,
it
is
necessary
find
an
accurate,
rapid,
simple
method
detect
concentrations
of
them,
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR)
one
most
suitable
candidates.
In
this
study,
gold
nanoparticles
(GNPs)
enhanced
was
developed,
simultaneously
target
specific
genes,
16S
rDNA
E.
Tms1
A.
tumefaciens.
PCR
amplification
times
(CT
values)
were
seen
be
lowered
significantly
by
incorporation
GNPs.
The
fluorescence
intensities
quantitative
amplifications
both
reached
maximum
after
around
40
cycles,
yield
(maximum
intensity)
proportional
absorbance
at
495
nm
corresponding
UV-vis
spectra.
GNPs
enhance
tumefaciens,
smaller
sized
(average
13
nm)
showed
better
enhancement
effect
compared
larger
30
nm).
Conventional
that
could
detected
together
with
limit
detection
10
CFU/mL
for
each
bacterium,
using
nm.
results
study
lead
improvement
multiplex
different
bacteria
simultaneously.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 2847 - 2878
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract:
Nanomedicine
has
revolutionized
cancer
treatment
by
the
development
of
nanoparticles
(NPs)
that
offer
targeted
therapeutic
delivery
and
reduced
side
effects.
NPs
research
in
nanomedicine
significantly
focuses
on
understanding
their
cellular
interactions
intracellular
mechanisms.
A
precise
nanoparticle
at
subcellular
level
is
crucial
for
effective
application
therapy.
Electron
microscopy
proven
essential,
offering
high-resolution
insights
into
behavior
within
biological
systems.
This
article
reviews
role
electron
elucidating
uptake
NPs.
Transmission
(TEM)
provides
imaging
capabilities,
such
as
cryo
three-dimensional
tomography,
which
in-depth
localization,
endocytosis
pathways,
interactions,
while
high
resolution-TEM
primarily
used
studying
atomic
structure
isolated
rather
than
cells
or
tissues.
On
other
hand,
scanning
(SEM)
ideal
examining
larger
surface
areas
a
broader
perspective
morphology
topography
samples.
The
review
highlights
advantages
visualizing
with
structures
tracking
mechanisms
action.
It
also
addresses
challenges
associated
characterization,
tedious
sample
preparation,
static
limitations,
restricted
field
view.
By
various
destination
examples,
emphasizes
importance
these
pathways
to
optimize
design
enhance
efficacy.
underscores
need
continued
advancement
techniques
improve
effectiveness
address
existing
challenges.
In
summary,
key
tool
advancing
our
contexts,
aiding
optimization
nanomedicines
providing
dynamics,
mechanisms,
applications.
Plain
Language
Summary:
Cancer
remains
one
leading
causes
death
worldwide,
incidence
mortality
rates
projected
rise
coming
years.
recent
years,
tiny-objects
known
are
widely
utilized
applications
outcomes
combating
cancer.
explores
how
transforming
using
nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles
designed
deliver
drugs
directly
cells,
improving
options
reducing
detailed
information
order
understand
interact
cells.
transmission
play
obtaining
information.
microscopes
enables
scientists
visualize
enhanced
clarity
magnification.
capability
helping
enter
transport
specific
locations,
components.
Moreover,
it
allows
examination
treated
revealing
overall
cell
structures.
objective
this
study
investigate
uptake,
localization
nanomedicine.
aims
highlight
advanced
like
provide
critical
systems,
addressing
preparation
limitations.
innovation
technologies
nanoparticle-based
outcomes.
outlines
studies
evaluating
use
research,
highlighting
destinations,
examples
microscopy,
particularly
plays
vital
ultrastructural
changes
aggregation,
shape,
membranes
organelles.
offers
transport,
exit,
(3D)
tomography
reconstructions
localization.
However,
artifacts
persist,
rapid
freezing
methods,
plunge-freezing
particularly,
high-pressure
freezing,
proving
preserving
native
Combining
flow
cytometry
improves
both
quantitative
data,
enabling
accurate
analysis
Keywords:
analysis,
challenges,
Particles
are
essential
building
blocks
in
nanomedicine
and
cell
engineering.
Their
administration
often
involves
blood
contact,
which
demands
a
hemocompatible
material
profile.
Coating
particles
with
isolated
membranes
is
common
strategy
to
improve
hemocompatibility,
but
this
solution
nonscalable
potentially
immunogenic.
Cell
membrane-like
lipid
coatings
promising
alternative,
as
lipids
can
be
synthesized
on
large
scale
used
create
safe
supported
bilayers.
However,
method
controllably
scalably
lipid-coat
wide
range
of
has
remained
elusive.
Here,
an
on-particle
solvent-assisted
coating
(OPSALC)
introduced
innovative
technique
endow
various
types
coatings.
formation
efficiency
shown
depend
concentration,
buffer
addition
rate,
solvent:buffer
ratio,
these
parameters
determine
assembly
lipid–surface
interactions.
Four
formulations
levels
erythrocyte
membrane
mimicry
explored
terms
demonstrating
reduced
particle-induced
hemolysis
plasma
coagulation
time.
Interestingly,
higher
show
the
lowest
complement
activation
highest
colloidal
stability.
Overall,
OPSALC
represents
simple
yet
scalable
facilitate
blood-contact
applications.
