Depression in young people

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 400(10352), P. 617 - 631

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 58 - 90

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are vulnerable poor mental health over their life course, in ways that often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap address the determinants cause ill Relying as far possible on high-quality evidence, first map out literature supports causal link between later outcomes. Given breadth topic, focus most pervasive across those common major disorders. We draw primarily available evidence from Global North, acknowledging other global contexts will face both similar unique sets require equitable attention. Much our focuses groups who marginalized, thus multitude intersecting risk factors. These include refugees, asylum seekers displaced persons, well ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender queer (LGBTQ+) living poverty. then introduce preventive framework for conceptualizing disorder, can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable reducing inequalities improving population Following this, review concerning candidate intervene interventions fall broadly within scope universal, selected indicated strategies, but also briefly important secondary tertiary promote recovery with existing Finally, seven key recommendations, framed around justice, constitute action research, policy public Adoption recommendations would opportunity advance efforts modifiable affect

Language: Английский

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Towards a youth mental health paradigm: a perspective and roadmap

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 3171 - 3181

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract Most mental disorders have a typical onset between 12 and 25 years of age, highlighting the importance this period for pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment ill-health. This perspective addresses interactions risk protective factors brain development as key pillars accounting emergence psychopathology in youth. Moreover, we propose that novel approaches towards early diagnosis interventions are required reflect evolution emerging psychopathology, service models, knowledge exchange science practitioners. Taken together, transformative intervention paradigm research clinical care could significantly enhance health young people initiate shift prevention severe disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 731 - 774

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Annual Research Review: Sex, gender, and internalizing conditions among adolescents in the 21st century – trends, causes, consequences

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 384 - 407

Published: July 17, 2023

Internalizing conditions of psychopathology include depressive and anxiety disorders; they most often onset in adolescence, are relatively common, contribute to significant population morbidity mortality. In this research review, we present the evidence that internalizing conditions, including depression anxiety, as well psychological distress, suicidal thoughts self-harm, fatal suicide, considerably increasing adolescent populations across many countries. Evidence indicates increases currently greatest female adolescents. We an epidemiological framework for evaluating causes these increases, synthesize on whether several established risk factors (e.g., age pubertal transition stressful life events) novel digital technology social media) meet necessary be plausible conditions. conclude there a multitude potential outline gaps lack nonbinary gender nonconforming populations, recommend prevention intervention foci from clinical public health perspective.

Language: Английский

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Outcomes in people with eating disorders: a transdiagnostic and disorder‐specific systematic review, meta‐analysis and multivariable meta‐regression analysis

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 124 - 138

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Eating disorders (EDs) are known to be associated with high mortality and often chronic severe course, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of their outcomes is currently missing. In the present meta-analysis, we examined cohort studies clinical trials published between 1980 2021 that reported, for DSM/ICD-defined EDs, overall ED (i.e., recovery, improvement relapse, all-cause ED-related hospitalization, chronicity); same related purging, binge eating body weight status; as well mortality. We included 415 (N=88,372, mean age: 25.7±6.9 years, females: 72.4%, follow-up: 38.3±76.5 months), conducted in persons anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia (BN), disorder (BED), other specified feeding (OSFED), and/or mixed from all continents except Africa. EDs pooled together, recovery occurred 46% patients (95% CI: 44-49, n=283, 44.9±62.8 months, no significant ED-group difference). The rate was 42% at <2 43% 2 <4 54% 4 <6 59% 6 <8 64% 8 <10 67% ≥10 years. Overall chronicity 25% 23-29, n=170, 59.3±71.2 33% 40% 23% 12% 18% Mortality 0.4% 0.2-0.7, n=214, 72.2±117.7 Considering observational studies, 5.2 deaths/1,000 person-years 4.4-6.1, n=167, 88.7±120.5 months; difference among EDs: p<0.01, range: 8.2 3.4 BN). Hospitalization 26% 18-36, n=18, 43.2±41.6 p<0.001, 32% AN 4% Regarding diagnostic migration, 8% migrated BN 16% OSFED; 2% AN, 5% BED, 19% 9% BED 7% OSFED 10% BN. Children/adolescents had more favorable across within than adults. Self-injurious behaviors were lower rates EDs. A higher socio-demographic index moderated countries. Specific treatments family-based therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic nutritional interventions AN; self-help, CBT, dialectical behavioral (DBT), pharmacological BN; interventions, DBT BED; CBT OSFED. treatment waiting list These results should inform future research, practice health service organization

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007‐2009 to 2019‐2022: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS), including comparison of prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID‐19 pandemic

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 275 - 285

Published: May 9, 2023

Up‐to‐date information on the prevalence and trends of common mental disorders is relevant to health care policy planning, owing high burden associated with these disorders. In first wave third Netherlands Mental Health Survey Incidence Study (NEMESIS‐3), a nationally representative sample was interviewed face‐to‐face from November 2019 March 2022 (6,194 subjects; 1,576 before 4,618 during COVID‐19 pandemic; age range: 18‐75 years). A slightly modified version Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 used assess DSM‐IV DSM‐5 diagnoses. Trends in 12‐month rates were examined by comparing between NEMESIS‐3 NEMESIS‐2 (6,646 18‐64 years; 2007 July 2009). Lifetime estimates 28.6% for anxiety disorders, 27.6% mood 16.7% substance use 3.6% attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over last 12 months, 15.2%, 9.8%, 7.1%, 3.2%, respectively. No differences vs. pandemic found (26.7% pre‐pandemic 25.7% pandemic), even after controlling socio‐demographic characteristics respondents two periods. This case all four disorder categories. From 2007‐2009 2019‐2022, rate any significantly increased 17.4% 26.1%. stronger increase students, younger adults (18‐34 years) city dwellers. These data suggest that has past decade, but this not explained pandemic. The already risk young particularly further recent years.

Language: Английский

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Impact of mental disorders on clinical outcomes of physical diseases: an umbrella review assessing population attributable fraction and generalized impact fraction

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 86 - 104

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Empirical evidence indicates a significant bidirectional association between mental disorders and physical diseases, but the prospective impact of men­tal on clinical outcomes diseases has not been comprehensively outlined. In this PRISMA‐ COSMOS‐E‐compliant umbrella review, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute Database Systematic Reviews Implementation Reports, up to March 15, 2022, identify systematic reviews with meta‐analysis that examined any disorder diseases. Primary were disease‐specific mortality all‐cause mortality. Secondary incidence, functioning and/or disability, symptom severity, quality life, recurrence or progression, major cardiac events, treatment‐related outcomes. Additional inclusion criteria further applied primary studies. Random effect models employed, along I 2 statistic, 95% prediction intervals, small‐study effects test, excess significance bias risk (ROBIS) assessment. Associations classified into five credibility classes (I IV non‐significant) according established criteria, complemented by sensitivity subgroup analyses examine robustness main analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using new package for conducting ( https://metaumbrella.org ). Population attributable fraction (PAF) generalized (GIF) then calculated class I‐III associations. Forty‐seven meta‐analysis, encompassing 251 non‐overlapping studies reporting 74 associations, included (68% at low ROBIS assessment). Altogether, 43 (disease‐specific mortality: n=17; n=26) 31 secondary investigated. Although 72% associations statistically (p<0.05), only two showed convincing (class I) evidence: depressive in patients heart failure (hazard ratio, HR=1.44, CI: 1.26‐1.65), schizophrenia cardiovascular (risk RR=1.54, 1.36‐1.75). Six highly suggestive II) those diabetes mellitus (HR=2.84, 2.00‐4.03) kidney (HR=1.41, 1.31‐1.51); events myocardial infarction (odds OR=1.52, 1.36‐1.70); dementia (HR=2.11, 1.77‐2.52); alcohol use decompensated liver cirrhosis hepatitis C (RR=3.15, 2.87‐3.46); cancer (standardized mean SMR=1.74, 1.41‐2.15). Sensitivity/subgroup confirmed these results. The largest PAFs 30.56% (95% 27.67‐33.49) C, 26.81% 16.61‐37.67) mellitus, 13.68% 9.87‐17.58) infarction, 11.99% 8.29‐15.84) 11.59% 9.09‐14.14) failure. GIFs preventive capacity This review demonstrates increase poor outcome several Prevention targeting – particularly disorders, can reduce incidence adverse people These findings inform practice trans‐speciality approaches cutting across psychiatric somatic medicine.

Language: Английский

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COMMUNITY-BASED MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN AFRICA: A REVIEW AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. HEALTHCARE PRACTICES

International Medical Science Research Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 68 - 91

Published: Dec. 2, 2023

This study critically examines community-based mental health interventions in Africa and their implications for U.S. healthcare practices. The primary aim was to explore the effectiveness of these assess potential integration into framework. methodology employed a comprehensive literature review, focusing on recent peer-reviewed articles reports. approach facilitated an in-depth analysis evolution care models, significance approaches African contexts, relevance systems findings reveal that models are distinct emphasis community engagement, with traditional practices, pivotal role non-governmental organizations. These elements have contributed significantly success offer valuable insights enhancement. also identified key research gaps, providing foundation future scholarly work. In conclusion, highlights benefits incorporating strategies recommendations emphasize need economic alignment, sociocultural training psychiatric education, coherent value appraisal framework, policy integration. strategic suggestions foster more inclusive, culturally sensitive, effective system U.S., drawing successful experiences from models. contributes global discourse, offering unique perspective cross-cultural learning adaptation practices. Keywords: Community-Based Mental Health, Models, Healthcare, Health Care, Global Health.

Language: Английский

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Transforming mental health systems globally: principles and policy recommendations

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 402(10402), P. 656 - 666

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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