Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100960 - 100960
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Abstract Oculomotor characteristics, including accuracy, timing, and sensorimotor processing, are considered sensitive intermediate phenotypes for understanding the etiology of neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism ADHD. characteristics have predominantly been studied separately in Despite high rates co-occurrence between these only one study has investigated oculomotor processes among those with co-occurring + Four hundred five ( n = 405; 226 males) Australian children adolescents aged 4 to 18 years (M 9.64 years; SD 3.20 years) ADHD 64), 66), 146), or neurotypical individuals 129) were compared across four different tasks: visually guided saccade, anti-saccade, sinusoidal pursuit step-ramp pursuit. Confirmatory analyses conducted using separate datasets acquired from University Nottingham UK 17 autism, 22 ADHD, 32 30 neurotypical) Kansas USA 29 41 neurotypical). Linear mixed effect models controlling sex, age family revealed that exhibited increased variability accuracy final saccadic eye position adolescents. Autistic demonstrated a greater number catch-up saccades during These findings suggest select differences precision unique autistic indicating measuring basic may be useful parsing neurodevelopment clinical heterogeneity autism.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(2), P. 140 - 149
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe mental health disorder affecting significant proportion of mothers, often undiagnosed and untreated, with potential long-term effects. While numerous studies have identified risk factors for PPD, the relationship between inflammatory markers PPD remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate correlation indirect markers, specifically neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte (MLR), developing assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). <b><i>Design:</i></b> was prospective observational conducted in second-level university hospital, from December 2019 February 2021. <b><i>Participants:</i></b> A total 211 full-term pregnant women were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included specific psychiatric diagnoses, such as intellectual disability, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional bipolar or other unspecified psychotic spectrum disorders. Additionally, pregnancies affected gestational pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, multiple pregnancies, abnormalities detected prenatally excluded. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Socio-demographic clinical data recorded. Blood samples complete blood count obtained at hospital admission, focusing on NLR, PLR, MLR. Analyses our laboratory using standard techniques. The postpartum evaluation 3 days after EPDS Italian version. Statistical analyses descriptive statistics, group comparisons <i>t</i> tests Wilcoxon rank-sum continuous variables, Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> Fisher’s exact categorical variables. Correlation employed Spearman’s rank tests. Simple logistic regression models, adjusted various baseline patient characteristics, explored (PLR, MLR) depressive symptoms. Version 4.1.3 RStudio statistical software utilized. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, enrolled categorized into two groups based scores: <10 (176 patients) ≥10 (35 patients). demonstrated homogeneity different socio-demographic factors. Stepwise analysis indicated that MLR not significantly associated these scatterplot stratified groups. test applied values did reveal relationship. Additional estimated odds ratios model groups, considering both binary MLR). results absence <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> Our restricted period, first second trimesters pregnancy are lacking. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> findings evidence (NLR, MPL) PPD. novel finding prompts further role highlighting need additional research clarify complex inflammation psychological period.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 333 - 357
Published: Sept. 16, 2024
Features of autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and communication motor disorders usually emerge early in life are associated with atypical neurodevelopment. These “neurodevelopmental conditions” grouped together the DSM‐5 ICD‐11 to reflect their shared characteristics. Yet, reliance on categorical diagnoses poses significant challenges both research clinical settings (e.g., high co‐occurrence, arbitrary diagnostic boundaries, within‐disorder heterogeneity). Taking a transdiagnostic dimensional approach provides useful alternative for addressing these limitations, accounting underpinnings across neurodevelopmental conditions, characterizing common co‐occurrence developmental continuity other psychiatric conditions. Neurodevelopmental features have not been adequately considered frameworks, although this would fundamental implications practices. Growing evidence from studies structure conditions indicates that cluster together, delineating spectrum” ranging normative impairing profiles. Studies genetic underpinnings, overlapping cognitive neural profiles, similar course efficacy support/treatment strategies indicate validity spectrum. Further, alongside dimensions has utility, as it fuller view an individual's needs strengths, greater prognostic utility than categories. Based compelling body evidence, we argue incorporating new into frameworks considerable potential transforming our understanding, classification, assessment, practices around
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 259 - 271
Published: March 20, 2024
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions and highly heterogeneous in terms symptom profile, associated cognitive deficits, comorbidities, outcomes. Heterogeneity may also affect ability to recognize diagnose this condition. The diagnosis ADHD primarily clinical but there are increasing research efforts aiming at identifying biomarkers that can aid diagnosis.
Language: Английский
Citations
10
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 57 - 71
Published: March 15, 2024
Approximately 8 % of patients with schizophrenia are diagnosed before age 18, and 18 experience their first symptoms 18. This narrative review explores the management early-onset (EOS) childhood-onset (COS) from diagnosis to transition adult care settings. Early in children adolescents is essential for improving outcomes, but delays common due overlapping developmental phenomena other psychiatric conditions, including substance use, lack clinicians' awareness. Once diagnosed, antipsychotic treatment key, specific second-generation agents generally being preferred better tolerability broader efficacy evidence-base youth. Dosing should be carefully individualized, considering age-related differences drug metabolism side effect liability. Clinicians must vigilant detecting early non-response consider switching or dose escalation when appropriate. Since illness onset a consistent risk factor treatment-resistant (TRS), clinicians need competent diagnosing TRS using clozapine. COS EOS associated cognitive deficits impaired functioning, psychosocial interventions considered improve overall functioning quality life. Good long-term outcomes depend on continuous engagement, successful transitioning pediatric requires careful planning, preparation, collaboration between clinicians. Targeting functional life addition symptom remission can patient well-being. Comprehensive evaluations, age-specific assessments, targeted needed address unique challenges COS.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101916 - 101916
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 101524 - 101524
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
Numerous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have sought to elucidate the neural mechanisms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with most existing literature focused on children, adolescents, and adults. In this retrospective study, measures frontal EEG power behavioral 40 5-month-old infants later diagnosed ADHD in childhood were compared systematically matched-control infants. Compared control group, group exhibited longer looking fixations during an task. Frontal 6-9 Hz infant alpha band was lower group. Mean associated visual fixations, underscoring specific behavior corresponding brain development infancy. Infants higher problems at ages 4 9 infancy ADHD-related symptomatology. These findings suggest that decreased as early 5-months age may serve important markers can aid building a more comprehensive model from developmental neuroscience approach.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 295 - 295
Published: March 14, 2025
Because of their nature, biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases were out the reach medical diagnostic technology until past few decades. In recent years, confluence greater, affordable computer power with need more efficient diagnoses and treatments has increased interest in possibility discovery. This review will focus on progress made over ten years regarding search electroencephalographic diseases. includes algorithms methods analysis, machine learning, quantitative electroencephalography as applied to neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental well traumatic brain injury COVID-19. Our findings suggest that there is a consensus among researchers classification most suit this field; slight disconnection between development increasingly sophisticated analysis what they actually be use clinical setting; finally, are favored type field caveats. The main goal state-of-the-art provide reader general panorama state art field.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9138 - 9138
Published: May 23, 2023
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, the underlying pathological mechanisms of which are not yet completely understood. Although several genetic and genomic alterations have been linked to ASD, for majority ASD patients, cause remains unknown, condition likely arises due interactions between low-risk genes environmental factors. There increasing evidence that epigenetic highly sensitive factors influence gene function without altering DNA sequence, particularly aberrant methylation, involved in pathogenesis. This systematic review aimed update clinical application methylation investigations children with idiopathic investigating its potential settings. To this end, literature search was performed on different scientific databases using combination terms related association peripheral young ASD; led identification 18 articles. In selected studies, investigated blood or saliva samples, at both gene-specific genome-wide levels. The results obtained suggest could represent promising methodology biomarker research, although further studies needed develop DNA-methylation-based applications.
Language: Английский
Citations
17
Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 438 - 442
Published: July 12, 2023
We are at a time of unparalleled flux in our understanding what autism is and now to respond it, including the role clinical services. For any clinician working context child development mental health services, majority experience probably overwhelming demand, then perhaps confusion. Referrals for neurodevelopmental conditions, particularly autism, have become an increasing proportion UK CAMHS referrals recent years—with consequent lengthening wait times extending years, sometimes equivalent whole length child's life up until that point. Services struggling develop response strategies meet user frustration, task not helped by fact most interventions current use no good evidence effectiveness. Consequently, plethora local approaches initiatives developed. In this article I address these related issues. discuss different uses term relation intellectual disability, introduce conceptualisation as emergent transactional, which consistent with developmental intervention science. This could bridge between neurodiversity perspectives implies framing early support has strong trials provides basis rational pre‐emptive evidenced care pathway, describe.
Language: Английский
Citations
17