Environmental Science Processes & Impacts,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 697 - 720
Published: Jan. 1, 2014
In
the
past
few
years,
fate
and
transportation
of
pharmaceutically
active
compounds
(PhACs)
in
aqueous
environments
have
raised
significant
concerns
among
public,
scientists
regulatory
groups.
Photodegradation
is
an
important
removal
process
surface
waters.
This
review
summarizes
last
10
years
(2003-2013)
studies
on
solar
or
solar-simulated
photodegradation
PhACs
environments.
The
covered
include:
beta-blockers,
antibiotics,
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs
(NSAIDs),
histamine
H₂-receptor
antagonists,
lipid
regulators,
carbamazepine,
steroid
hormones,
X-ray
contrast
media
compounds.
Kinetic
studies,
degradation
mechanisms
toxicity
are
three
major
topics
involved
this
review.
quantum
yield
for
direct
photolysis
bimolecular
reaction
rate
constants
with
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
such
as
˙OH
radical
singlet
oxygen,
also
summarized.
information
not
only
to
predict
PhAC
fate,
but
very
useful
advanced
treatment
technologies,
ozone
oxidation
processes.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
369(1656), P. 20130587 - 20130587
Published: Oct. 14, 2014
During
the
past
two
decades
scientists,
regulatory
agencies
and
European
Commission
have
acknowledged
pharmaceuticals
to
be
an
emerging
environmental
problem.
In
parallel,
a
framework
for
risk
assessment
(ERA)
of
pharmaceutical
products
has
been
developed.
Since
guidelines
came
into
force
German
Federal
Agency
(UBA)
evaluating
ERAs
human
veterinary
before
they
are
marketed.
The
results
show
that
approximately
10%
note
regarding
their
potential
risk.
For
medicinal
products,
hormones,
antibiotics,
analgesics,
antidepressants
antineoplastics
indicated
antibiotics
parasiticides
were
most
often
discussed
as
being
environmentally
relevant.
These
in
good
correlation
with
within
open
scientific
literature
prioritization
approaches
environment.
UBA
revealed
prospective
approaches,
such
ERA
pharmaceuticals,
play
important
role
minimizing
problems
caused
by
However,
could
improved
(i)
inclusion
environment
risk-benefit
analysis
(ii)
improvement
management
options,
(iii)
generation
data
on
existing
(iv)
improving
availability
data.
addition,
more
general
integrative
steps
regulation,
legislation
research
developed
presented
this
article.
order
minimize
quantity
these
should
aim
improve
prioritize
collection
