Biological functions and therapeutic applications of human mucosal-associated invariant T cells DOI Creative Commons

Ying Fang,

Yuning Chen,

Shaoqiang Niu

et al.

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique subset of innate-like lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Characterized by their semi-invariant cell receptor (TCR) abundant localization in mucosal tissues, MAIT recognize microbial metabolites, primarily derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, presented major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related protein 1 (MR1). This interaction, along with co-stimulatory signals, triggers rapid immune responses, including cytokine secretion cytotoxic activity, highlighting importance maintaining homeostasis combating infections. review provides an in-depth overview biology, development, activation pathways, functional diversity, protective roles immunity, contributions to diseases like cancer inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), context-dependent dual functions health pathology. also highlights emerging therapeutic potential immunotherapy. Their TCR specificity, abundance, tissue-homing properties make them ideal candidates for engineering novel therapies, such as chimeric antigen (CAR)-MAIT cells, targeting infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases. Challenges escape, exhaustion, CAR design optimization must be addressed enhance clinical efficacy. In summary, integral function, presents exciting opportunities treatment wide range Further research is essential unlock full these versatile cells.

Language: Английский

Biological functions and therapeutic applications of human mucosal-associated invariant T cells DOI Creative Commons

Ying Fang,

Yuning Chen,

Shaoqiang Niu

et al.

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique subset of innate-like lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Characterized by their semi-invariant cell receptor (TCR) abundant localization in mucosal tissues, MAIT recognize microbial metabolites, primarily derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, presented major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related protein 1 (MR1). This interaction, along with co-stimulatory signals, triggers rapid immune responses, including cytokine secretion cytotoxic activity, highlighting importance maintaining homeostasis combating infections. review provides an in-depth overview biology, development, activation pathways, functional diversity, protective roles immunity, contributions to diseases like cancer inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), context-dependent dual functions health pathology. also highlights emerging therapeutic potential immunotherapy. Their TCR specificity, abundance, tissue-homing properties make them ideal candidates for engineering novel therapies, such as chimeric antigen (CAR)-MAIT cells, targeting infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases. Challenges escape, exhaustion, CAR design optimization must be addressed enhance clinical efficacy. In summary, integral function, presents exciting opportunities treatment wide range Further research is essential unlock full these versatile cells.

Language: Английский

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