Leveraging the adolescent brain cognitive development study to improve behavioral prediction from neuroimaging in smaller replication samples

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: May 15, 2024

Neuroimaging is a popular method to map brain structural and functional patterns complex human traits. Recently published observations cast doubt upon these prospects, particularly for prediction of cognitive traits from resting state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We leverage baseline data thousands children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study inform replication sample size required with univariate multivariate methods across different modalities detect reproducible brain-behavior associations. demonstrate that by applying high-dimensional data, we can capture lower dimensional architecture correlate robustly phenotypes are only 41 individuals working memory-related MRI, ~ 100 subjects MRI. Even random re-samplings discovery, be adequately powered 66 cognition memory task These results point an important role neuroimaging translational neurodevelopmental research showcase how findings large samples associations small sizes at heart many programs grants.

Language: Английский

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Emergence of a synergistic scaffold in the brains of human infants

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract The human brain is a complex organ comprising billions of interconnected neurons which enables interaction with both physical and social environments. Neural dynamics the whole go far beyond just sum its individual elements; property known as “synergy”. Previously it has been shown that synergy crucial for many functions cognition, however, remains unknown how when large number discrete evolve into unified system able to support synergistic interactions. Here we analysed high-density electroencephalography data from late fetal early postnatal period. We found transitions redundancy-dominated synergy-dominated around birth. Frontal regions lead emergence scaffold comprised overlapping subsystems, while integration sensory areas developed gradually, occipital central regions. Strikingly, developmental trajectories were modulated by environmental enrichment associated enhanced mother-infant interactions, level near term equivalent age was later neurocognitive development.

Language: Английский

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Nerve root magnetic stimulation regulates the synaptic plasticity of injured spinal cord by ascending sensory pathway

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 3564 - 3573

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202512000-00026/figure1/v/2025-01-31T122243Z/r/image-tiff Promoting synaptic plasticity and inducing functional reorganization of residual nerve fibers hold clinical significance for restoring motor function following spinal cord injury. Neuromagnetic stimulation targeting the roots has been shown to improve by enhancing conduction in injured ultrastructure both sensory cortex. However, our understanding neurophysiological mechanisms which root magnetic facilitates recovery is limited, its role neuroplasticity remains unclear. In this study, we established a model injury adult male Sprague–Dawley rats applying moderate compression at T10 vertebra. We then performed on L5 3 weeks, beginning day post-injury. At 22 post-injury, observed that downregulated level interleukin-6 tissue rats. Additionally, treatment reduced neuronal damage glial scar formation, increased number neurons cord. Furthermore, decreased levels acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, expression plasticity-related mRNA proteins PSD95, GAP43, Synapsin II. Taken together, these results showed alleviated cord, regulated plasticity, suppressed inflammatory responses. These findings provide laboratory evidence application

Language: Английский

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Mapping individual structural covariance network in development brain with dynamic time warping

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Abstract A conspicuous property of brain development or maturity is coupled with coordinated synchronized structural co-variation. However, there still a lack effective approach to map individual covariance network. Here, we developed novel network method using dynamic time warping algorithm and applied it delineate developmental trajectories topological organizations from childhood early adulthood large sample 655 individuals Human Connectome Project-Development dataset. We found that the exhibited small-worldness global characteristics including small-worldness, efficiency, local modularity linearly increase age while shortest path length decreases age. The nodal properties betweenness degree increased in language emotion regulation related areas, decreased mainly visual cortex, sensorimotor area, hippocampus. Moreover, attributes as features could predict each individual. Taken together, our results demonstrate can effectively uncover topology, which may facilitate future investigations establish links co-variations respect cognition disease vulnerability.

Language: Английский

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Contracted functional connectivity profiles in autism

Molecular Autism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Contracted Functional Connectivity Profiles in Autism

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

ABSTRACT Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition that associated with atypical brain network organization, prior work suggesting differential connectivity alterations respect to functional connection length. Here, we tested whether connectopathy in ASD specifically relates disruptions long-relative short-range profiles. Our approach combined connectomics geodesic distance mapping, and studied associations macroscale networks, microarchitectural patterns, as well socio-demographic clinical phenotypes. Methods We 211 males from three sites of the ABIDE-I dataset comprising 103 participants an diagnosis (mean±SD age=20.8±8.1 years) 108 neurotypical controls (NT, 19.2±7.2 years). For each participant, computed cortex-wide (CD) measures by combining mapping resting-state profiling. compared CD between NT using surface-based linear models, age, symptom severity, intelligence scores. contextualized relative canonical networks explored spatial microstructural cortical gradients cytoarchitectonic types. Results Compared NT, presented widespread reductions CD, generally indicating shorter average length thus reduced long-range but increased connections. Peak were localized transmodal systems ( i . e ., heteromodal paralimbic regions prefrontal, temporal, parietal temporo-parieto-occipital cortex), effect sizes correlated sensory-transmodal gradient function. ASD-related appeared consistent across inter-individual differences age observed positive correlation IQ Conclusions study showed relatively stable imaging phenotype preferentially impacted association systems. corroborate previous reports imbalance overconnectivity underconnectivity.

Language: Английский

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Mental causation: an evolutionary perspective

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 29, 2024

The relationship between consciousness and individual agency is examined from a bottom-up evolutionary perspective, an approach somewhat different other ways of dealing with the issue, but one relevant to question animal consciousness. Two are identified that would decouple two, allowing limited kind exist without agency: (1) reflex pathways incorporate conscious sensations as intrinsic component (InCs), (2) reflexes consciously conditioned dependent on synaptic plasticity not memory (CCRs). Whether InCs CCRs more than hypothetical constructs clear, in any case theories where depends directly EM field-based effects. Consciousness agency, we experience it, then belongs third category allows for deliberate choice alternative actions (DCs), key difference this CCR-level DCs require access explicit systems whereas do not. nevertheless useful heuristic standpoint conceptual model how inputs could act refine routine behaviors while evolution optimize phenomenal (i.e., qualia) absence counterintuitive result. However, so long required precondition memory-dependent DC-level processes, later have evolved first. If so, adaptive benefit when it first may be linked much role plays encoding memories function. possibility theoretical construct, played consciousness, argues against focussed exclusively higher-order functions appropriate way deal evolved, develops early postnatal period life, or experiences animals ourselves. An perspective also resolves problem free will, best treated property species rather individuals belonging whereas, contrast, attribute individuals.

Language: Английский

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Assembling a Coculture System to Prepare Highly Pure Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons at Late Maturation Stages

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. ENEURO.0165 - 24.2024

Published: July 1, 2024

Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons (MNs) offers an unprecedented approach to modeling movement disorders such as dystonia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, achieving survival poses a significant challenge when culturing MNs, especially aiming reach late maturation stages. Utilizing hiPSC-derived primary mouse astrocytes, we assembled two types coculture systems: direct coculturing with astrocytes indirect using culture inserts that physically separate astrocytes. Both systems significantly enhance neuron survival. Compared these systems, no differences in neurodevelopment, maturation, within 3 weeks, allowing prepare at Using the system, obtained highly pure MNs mature stage from hiPSCs. Transcriptomic studies showed typical neurodevelopmental switch gene expression early immature Mature genes associated neurodevelopment synaptogenesis are enriched stages, demonstrating achieve maturation. This study introduces novel tool for preparation neurons, enabling determination neurological disease pathogenesis onset stages through biochemical approaches, which typically necessitate neurons. advancement is particularly age-related neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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Anatomical and molecular development of the human primary visual cortex

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

The human primary visual cortex (V1) development is pivotal to understanding cortical maturation and neuroplasticity. Theories on V1 range from early models, which emphasize the peak of synapses in infancy, those suggesting an extended developmental timeline where key plasticity mechanisms continue mature well into adulthood. Classic histological approaches have supported development, while recent molecular studies highlight prolonged or multiple windows plasticity, indicating that remains susceptible experience-dependent modifications beyond childhood. This review consolidates findings both anatomical studies, tracing prenatal stages through aging. evidence reveals develops across timescales, with some aspects maturing others gradually changing lifespan. Reflecting Cajal’s work, this underscores importance methodological advancements revealing intricate details V1’s development.

Language: Английский

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