Localized environmental variability within the Hindukush-Himalayan region of Pakistan DOI Creative Commons
Fazlul Haq,

Munazza Afreen,

Bryan G. Mark

et al.

Environmental Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 84(4)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract The Hindukush-Himalayan (HKH) region, known for its eco-environmental importance, has been witnessing transformations in recent years governed by factors such as climate variability, land use shifts, and population growth. These changes have profound implications regional sustainability, water resources, livelihood. This study attempts to explore the spatial temporal variability selected environmental parameters including surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation patterns, snow (NDSI), cover (LULC) from 1990 2022 using Landsat imageries (30 m resolution), CHIRPS data at 0.05° resolution. area spans 32,000 km 2 covering two major political/administrative divisions (Malakand Hazara) HKH region of Pakistan. was primarily because unprecedented over last three decades. For detailed analysis, divided into five elevation zones LST, NDVI, NDSI, LULC analyses were conducted utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform engine. results revealed a notable rise LST lowest zone. NDVI noticeable decline 5988 1990, 4225 2010, followed growth 7669 2022, since 2010 after launching Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project (BTTAP) 2013. Likewise, patterns exhibit transitioning low high levels. However, most finding is marked covered 7000 3800 between 2022.

Language: Английский

Localized environmental variability within the Hindukush-Himalayan region of Pakistan DOI Creative Commons
Fazlul Haq,

Munazza Afreen,

Bryan G. Mark

et al.

Environmental Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 84(4)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract The Hindukush-Himalayan (HKH) region, known for its eco-environmental importance, has been witnessing transformations in recent years governed by factors such as climate variability, land use shifts, and population growth. These changes have profound implications regional sustainability, water resources, livelihood. This study attempts to explore the spatial temporal variability selected environmental parameters including surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation patterns, snow (NDSI), cover (LULC) from 1990 2022 using Landsat imageries (30 m resolution), CHIRPS data at 0.05° resolution. area spans 32,000 km 2 covering two major political/administrative divisions (Malakand Hazara) HKH region of Pakistan. was primarily because unprecedented over last three decades. For detailed analysis, divided into five elevation zones LST, NDVI, NDSI, LULC analyses were conducted utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform engine. results revealed a notable rise LST lowest zone. NDVI noticeable decline 5988 1990, 4225 2010, followed growth 7669 2022, since 2010 after launching Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project (BTTAP) 2013. Likewise, patterns exhibit transitioning low high levels. However, most finding is marked covered 7000 3800 between 2022.

Language: Английский

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