Time perception in cerebellar and basal ganglia stroke patients

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

The neural mechanisms underlying time perception remain elusive. Although the cerebellum (CE) and basal ganglia (BG) are considered fundamental, evidence primarily stems from studies on neurodegenerative diseases, where progressive widespread damage complicates linking deficits to specific brain structures. In contrast, stroke affects focal areas suddenly, allowing for assessment of immediate functional consequences. Here, we compared patients with acute in CE BG age-matched healthy controls (HC) both explicit (time bisection, free 1-second finger tapping) implicit (rhythmic, temporal orienting) timing tasks. Concerning timing, were faster than HC their tapping, while lesions showed greater variability tapping. Similarly, performance bisection task suggested more related cognitive complaints dysfunction. tasks, patients, like HC, effectively used information provided by rhythm orienting cues anticipate target onset, whereas failed longer reaction times. Therefore, before compensatory can take effect, might hinder could disrupt representation when processed alongside other functions.

Language: Английский

Synergistic reinforcement learning by cooperation of the cerebellum and basal ganglia

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 13, 2024

Abstract The cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia play a central role in flexible learning mammals. However, how these three structures work together is not fully understood. Recently, it has been suggested that reinforcement may be implemented only the but also as activity of cerebellar climbing fibers represents reward prediction error. If same mechanism via error occurs simultaneously remains unclear two regions co-function. Here, we recorded neuronal output cerebellum ganglia, nuclei substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively, from ChR2 transgenic rats with high-density Neuropixels probes while optogenetically stimulating cortex point-by-point. temporal response patterns could categorized into classes both reticulata. Among them, fast excitatory due to input mossy inhibitory reticulata direct pathway were synchronized. This coincidence, reproduced spiking network simulation based on connectome data, was expected synchronously activate thalamus. To further investigate significance this synchronous positive feedback, constructed reservoir model mimics time course dynamics responses Plasticity parallel fiber inputs Purkinje cell corticostriatal synapses onto striatal neurons essential for successful task. Notably, inhibited when timing or delayed real data by 10 ms; larger delay, slower rate. necessary precision observed operated β-to-γ frequency range. These results indicate coordinated narrow band, facilitates brain-wide synergistic learning. Thus, our findings contribute holistic understanding interactions among cortex.

Language: Английский

Transcranial direct current stimulation improves time perception in children with ADHD

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Individuals with ADHD struggle time perception. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral (dlPFC) are two distinct cortical areas that involved in the psychopathology of ADHD, including In present study, we aimed to explore if modulation excitability these non-invasive brain stimulation alters perception ADHD. Twenty-six children performed discrimination estimation/reproduction tasks five sessions one week interval specific tDCS conditions. conditions were anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC, reversed electrode positioning, isolated dlPFC, vmPFC extracranial return electrodes, sham stimulation. An improved was observed all real compared stimulation, however results did not differ between For reproduction/estimation task, vmPFC/cathodal dlPFC electrodes reproduction, but estimation, These imply whereas might be more critical for reproduction. This finding is discussed light task stimulus properties.

Language: Английский