Estudio epidemiológico de la Unidad de Salud Mental de la Infancia y la Adolescencia del área sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela: análisis evolutivo

Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 12 - 27

Published: March 1, 2025

Introducción. El incremento en la demanda asistencial Unidad de Salud Mental Infancia y Adolescencia (USMIA) del Hospital Universitario Santiago Compostela (CHUS) ha sido una constante. Pero los últimos años este aumento mucho más significativo, por lo que trabajo presentamos datos un estudio evolutivo. Objetivo. Analizar evolución describir las características usuarios, respecto variables sociodemográficas clínicas, muestra pacientes nuestra USMIA, recogida entre 2019-2022 compararla con resultados memorias Unidad. Material Método: Se trata epidemiológico descriptivo análisis estadístico dos períodos tiempo. analizaron 303 pacientes. Resultados: constata notable demanda, el nivel estudios progenitores, disminución proceden hábitat rural familias nucleares. A clínico, han aumentado diagnósticos Trastorno déficit atención e hiperactividad, trastorno neuróticos afectivos, al mismo tiempo disminuyen sin patología psiquiátrica. incrementado reciben tratamiento farmacológico número sesiones consumidas. Conclusiones: Encontramos 3 años. Obtenemos diferencias significativas perfil

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Environmental Enrichment as a Possible Adjunct Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Animal and Human Studies on the Implications of Glial Cells

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 18 - 18

Published: April 25, 2025

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, leading to cognitive, emotional, social impairments. Due the heterogeneity of ASD, conventional therapies often have limited effectiveness, highlighting need for complementary interventions. Enriched environments (EEs), characterized enhanced sensory, motor stimulation, shown promise in alleviating ASD symptoms. This review examines role glial cells mediating effects EE. Methods: A literature was conducted, analyzing studies on EE interventions animal models humans, with focus involvement neuroplasticity synaptic remodeling. Results: Evidence from suggests that induces significant modifications, including increased synaptogenesis neuronal connectivity. Studies rodent demonstrated reduces stereotypical behaviors, improves interactions, enhances cognitive function, are closely associated astrocyte microglia activity. Similarly, human indicate lead reduced autism symptom severity improved outcomes, further supporting hypothesis play central beneficial Conclusions: highlights potential as modulator brain’s microenvironment, emphasizing critical processes intervention. These findings suggest future therapeutic strategies should integrate approaches specifically target function optimize intervention outcomes. However, research needed protocols address heterogeneity.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Global and Local DNA Methylation Patterns in Blood Samples of Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

The goal of this investigation was to determine whether there are alterations in DNA methylation patterns children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Material and Methods: Controlled prospective observational case-control study. Within the ASD group, were sub-classified based on presence (AMR subgroup) or absence (ANMR neurodevelopmental regression during first 2 years life. We analyzed global levels methylation, reflected LINE-1 , local pattern two candidate genes, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM1) Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) that, according our previous studies, might be associated an increased risk for ASD. For purpose, we utilized blood samples from pediatric patients ( n = 53) their corresponding controls 45). Results: observed a slight decrease compared control group. One CpG (GenBank accession no. X58075 nucleotide position 329) main responsible such reduction, highly significant subgroup AMR p < 0.05). Furthermore, detected higher NCAM1 children, healthy 0.001). data, moreover, showed NGF subgroup, group ANMR subgroup. These results consistent prior study, which lower plasma found that comprised neurotypically developing children. Conclusions: have provided new clues about epigenetic changes occur ASD, suggest potential biomarkers would facilitate diagnosis disorder. similarly present evidence clear differentiation between subgroups, without mental regression.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Genetics, Epigenetics, and the Environment in ASD: A Mini Review

Epigenomes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 15 - 15

Published: June 19, 2022

According to recent findings, variances in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk factors might be determined by several factors, including molecular genetic variants. Accumulated evidence has also revealed the important role of biological and chemical pathways ASD aetiology. In this paper, we assess reviews with regard their quality provide a brief outline presumed mechanisms genetic, epigenetic, environmental ASD. We review some critical literature, which supports basis each factor underlying specific patterns Finally, consider implications research regarding potential targets for future investigations.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms for the Approach/Avoidance Decision Applied to Autism

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(7), P. 448 - 457

Published: June 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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