Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
470(8), P. 1165 - 1179
Published: March 15, 2018
Mitochondrial
Ca2+
is
involved
in
heterogeneous
functions,
ranging
from
the
control
of
metabolism
and
ATP
production
to
regulation
cell
death.
In
addition,
mitochondrial
uptake
contributes
cytosolic
[Ca2+]
shaping
thus
impinging
on
specific
Ca2+-dependent
events.
concentration
controlled
by
influx
efflux
pathways:
former
activity
uniporter
(MCU),
latter
Na+/Ca2+
exchanger
(NCLX)
H+/Ca2+
(mHCX)
exchanger.
The
molecular
identities
MCU
NCLX
have
been
recently
unraveled,
allowing
genetic
studies
their
physiopathological
relevance.
After
a
general
framework
significance
uptake,
this
review
discusses
structure
complex
its
activity,
importance
signaling
different
physiological
settings,
consequences
modulation
organ
physiology.
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
45(7), P. 1509 - 1536
Published: May 18, 2019
Ultrasonic
neuromodulation
is
a
rapidly
growing
field,
in
which
low-intensity
ultrasound
(US)
delivered
to
nervous
system
tissue,
resulting
transient
modulation
of
neural
activity.
This
review
summarizes
the
findings
central
and
peripheral
systems
from
mechanistic
studies
cell
culture
cognitive
behavioral
humans.
The
mechanisms
by
US
mechanically
interacts
with
neurons
could
affect
firing
are
presented.
An
in-depth
safety
assessment
current
shows
that
parameters
for
human
fall
within
envelope
imaging.
Challenges
associated
accurately
targeting
monitoring
response
described.
In
conclusion,
literature
supports
use
as
safe,
non-invasive
brain
stimulation
modality
improved
spatial
localization
depth
compared
alternative
methods.
neurostimulation
has
potential
be
used
both
scientific
instrument
investigate
function
therapeutic
modulate
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
116(10), P. 4218 - 4227
Published: Feb. 14, 2019
Significance
Activity-dependent
translation,
the
reversible
activation
of
translation
in
response
to
synaptic
activity,
is
important
for
plasticity
and
long-term
memory
formation.
How
activity
triggers
silenced
mRNAs
within
neuronal
granules,
which
are
membraneless
RNA–protein
assemblies,
not
clear.
We
show
that
C-terminal
region
Fragile
X
Mental
Retardation
Protein
(FMRP),
an
abundant
granule
protein,
phase
separates
vitro
with
RNA
its
separation
fine-tuned
by
posttranslational
modifications
controlled
neurons
activity.
observe
correlated
inhibition
vitro,
providing
a
conceptual
framework
unify
FMRP’s
diverse
roles.
Experimental
bioinformatic
data
suggest
may
be
general
mechanism
linked
activity-dependent
translation.
Acta Neuropathologica,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
134(1), P. 129 - 149
Published: March 23, 2017
α-Synuclein
is
strongly
linked
to
Parkinson's
disease
but
the
molecular
targets
for
its
toxicity
are
not
fully
clear.
However,
many
neuronal
functions
damaged
in
regulated
by
signalling
between
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
and
mitochondria.
This
involves
close
physical
associations
two
organelles
that
mediated
binding
of
integral
ER
protein
vesicle-associated
membrane
protein-associated
B
(VAPB)
outer
mitochondrial
protein,
tyrosine
phosphatase-interacting
51
(PTPIP51).
VAPB
PTPIP51
thus
act
as
a
scaffold
tether
organelles.
Here
we
show
α-synuclein
binds
overexpression
wild-type
familial
mutant
disrupt
VAPB-PTPIP51
tethers
loosen
ER-mitochondria
associations.
disruption
also
seen
neurons
derived
from
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
patients
harbouring
pathogenic
triplication
gene.
We
loosening
contacts
accompanied
Ca2+
exchange
ATP
production.
Such
disruptions
likely
be
particularly
damaging
heavily
dependent
on
correct
signaling
ATP.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
43(1), P. 4 - 20
Published: Sept. 1, 2017
Endocannabinoids
(eCBs)
are
amongst
the
most
ubiquitous
signaling
molecules
in
nervous
system.
Over
past
few
decades,
observations
based
on
a
large
volume
of
work,
first
examining
pharmacological
effects
exogenous
cannabinoids,
and
then
physiological
functions
eCBs,
have
directly
challenged
long-held
dogmatic
views
about
communication,
plasticity
behavior
central
system
(CNS).
The
eCBs
their
cognate
cannabinoid
receptors
exhibit
number
unique
properties
that
distinguish
them
from
widely
studied
classical
amino-acid
transmitters,
neuropeptides,
catecholamines.
Although
we
now
loose
set
mechanistic
rules
experimental
findings,
new
studies
continue
to
reveal
our
understanding
eCB
(ECS)
is
continuously
evolving
challenging
conventions.
Here
will
briefly
summarize
findings
current
canonical
view
‘ECS’
address
novel
aspects
how
nearly
can
determine
highly
specific
brain.
In
particular,
focus
push
for
an
expansion
ideas
around
beliefs
that,
while
clearly
true,
may
be
contributing
oversimplified
perspective
at
microscopic
level
impacts
macroscopic
level.
Journal of Cell Science,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
130(4), P. 671 - 681
Published: Feb. 3, 2017
Mitochondria
fulfill
numerous
cellular
functions
including
ATP
production,
Ca2+
buffering,
neurotransmitter
synthesis
and
degradation,
ROS
production
sequestration,
apoptosis
intermediate
metabolism.
Mitochondrial
dynamics,
a
collective
term
for
the
processes
of
mitochondrial
fission,
fusion
transport,
governs
function
localization
within
cell.
Correct
balance
dynamics
is
especially
important
in
neurons
as
mutations
fission
enzymes
cause
peripheral
neuropathies
impaired
development
nervous
system
humans.
Regulation
partly
accomplished
through
post-translational
modification
enzymes,
turn
influencing
bioenergetics
transport.
The
importance
regulation
highlighted
by
neurodegenerative
disorders
associated
with
enzyme
Drp1.
Not
surprisingly,
also
play
an
physiological
role
synaptic
plasticity.
Here,
we
highlight
recent
findings
underlying
mechanisms
relation
to
neurological
disease,
well
plasticity
system.