Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 3, 2023

The order Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, sawflies, and bees) represents one of the most diverse animal lineages, but whether specific key innovations have contributed to its diversification is still unknown. We assembled largest time-calibrated phylogeny date investigated origin possible correlation particular morphological behavioral with in order: wasp waist Apocrita; stinger Aculeata; parasitoidism, a specialized form carnivory; secondary phytophagy, reversal plant-feeding. Here, we show that parasitoidism has been dominant strategy since Late Triassic Hymenoptera, was not an immediate driver diversification. Instead, transitions phytophagy (from parasitoidism) had major influence on rate Hymenoptera. Support for as remains equivocal, these traits may laid anatomical foundations adaptations more directly associated

Language: Английский

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The functional evolution of termite gut microbiota

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract Background Termites primarily feed on lignocellulose or soil in association with specific gut microbes. The functioning of the termite microbiota is partly understood a handful wood-feeding pest species but remains largely unknown other taxa. We intend to fill this gap and provide global understanding functional evolution microbiota. Results sequenced metagenomes 145 samples representative diversity. show that prokaryotic fraction all termites possesses similar genes for carbohydrate nitrogen metabolisms, proportions varying phylogenetic position diet. presence conserved set implies essential nutritional functions were present ancestor modern termites. Furthermore, abundance these correlated host phylogeny. Finally, we found adaptation diet by some lineages was accompanied change stoichiometry involved important rather than acquisition new pathways. Conclusions Our results reveal composition function communities have been remarkably since first appeared ~ 150 million years ago. Therefore, “world’s smallest bioreactor” has operating as multipartite symbiosis composed termites, archaea, bacteria, cellulolytic flagellates its inception.

Language: Английский

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Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa. Here, we produce an updated using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed concatenated matrices or within multi-species coalescence framework. Our is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci taxa, topological tests. show that Neoisoptera are composed seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, Termitogetonidae raised from subfamilial rank. species-rich Termitidae 18 subfamily-level new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, Promirotermitinae; revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building taxonomic on foundation unambiguously lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused future availability novel phylogenetic markers methods. stability guaranteed modularity classification, designed accommodate as-yet undescribed species uncertain affinities herein delimited in form families subfamilies.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome breeding: conceptual and practical issues

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 997 - 1011

Published: May 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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With a little help from my friends: the roles of microbial symbionts in insect populations and communities

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1904)

Published: May 5, 2024

To understand insect abundance, distribution and dynamics, we need to the relevant drivers of their populations communities. While microbial symbionts are known strongly affect many aspects biology, lack data on effects or community processes, insects' evolutionary responses at different timescales. How these change as anthropogenic ecosystems intensify is an area intense research. Recent developments in sequencing bioinformatics permit cost-effective diversity surveys, tracking symbiont transmission, identification functions across multi-species In this review, explore how functional categories can influence life-history traits, could interactions with other species, they may processes patterns level entire We argue that insect-associated microbes should be considered important response adaptation environmental challenges opportunities. also outline emerging approaches for surveying characterizing microbiota population scales. This article part theme issue ‘Towards a toolkit global biodiversity monitoring’.

Language: Английский

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Could termites be hiding a goldmine of obscure yet promising yeasts for energy crisis solutions based on aromatic wastes? A critical state-of-the-art review

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 4, 2022

Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from range of organic and feedstock including fresh or vegetable oils, animal fats, oilseed plants. In recent years, the lignin-based aromatic wastes, such as various waste polymers agriculture, dye wastewater textile industry, have attracted much attention in academia, which uniquely selected potential for biodiesel product converted by yeast cell factory technology. This current investigation indicated highest percentage lipid accumulation achieved high 47.25% an oleaginous strain, Meyerozyma caribbica SSA1654, isolated wood-feeding termite gut system, where its synthetic oil conversion ability reach up to 0.08 (g/l/h) fatty acid composition cells represents over 95% total acids are similar oils. Clearly, use yeasts, termites, synthesizing lipids aromatics clean, efficient, competitive path achieve "a sustainable development" towards production. However, lacking potent yeasts transform aromatics, unknown metabolic regulation mechanism presented natural fundamental challenge we face development. Under this scope, review has proposed novel concept approach strategy utilization convert wastes substrate transformation. Therefore, screening robust strain(s) system with set desirable specific tolerance characteristics essential. addition, reconstruct pathway/network maximize transformation rate applications “omics” technologies biology approach, work agenda will also include analyze genome characteristics, develop new base mutation gene editing technology, well clarify influence insertion position compounds other biosynthetic pathways industrial chassis on expressional level stability. With these unique designs running advanced biotech approaches, pathway using developed potentially constructed, integrated optimized, suggesting hypothesis utilizing technically promising applicable near future.

Language: Английский

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Defense in Social Insects: Diversity, Division of Labor, and Evolution

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 407 - 436

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

All social insects defend their colony from predators, parasites, and pathogens. In Oster Wilson's classic work, they posed one of the key paradoxes about defense in insects: Given universal necessity defense, why then is there so much diversity mechanisms? Ecological factors undoubtedly are important: Predation usurpation have imposed strong selection on eusocial insects, active by colonies a ubiquitous feature all insects. The description diverse insect groups with castes sterile workers whose main duty has broadened purview evolution particular respect to caste behavior. Defense central axes along which we can begin organize understand sociality With establishment models such as honey bee, new discoveries emerging regarding endocrine, neural, gene regulatory mechanisms underlying morphological behavioral traits may be shared across groups, providing opportunities for identifying both conserved novel at work. Emerging themes highlight context dependency interaction between that regulate

Language: Английский

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Basic Structures of Gut Bacterial Communities in Eusocial Insects

Insects, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 444 - 444

Published: May 8, 2023

Gut bacterial communities assist host animals with numerous functions such as food digestion, nutritional provision, or immunity. Some social mammals and insects are unique in that their gut microbial stable among individuals. In this review, we focus on the of eusocial insects, including bees, ants, termites, to provide an overview community structures gain insights into any general aspects structural basis. Pseudomonadota Bacillota prevalent phyla commonly detected those three insect groups, but compositions distinct at lower taxonomic levels. Eusocial harbor shared within species, while stability varies depending physiology ecology. Species narrow dietary habits, highly intraspecific communities, generalists, most ant exhibit relatively diverse structures. Caste differences could influence relative abundance members without significantly altering composition.

Language: Английский

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Agricultural Pest Management: The Role of Microorganisms in Biopesticides and Soil Bioremediation

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(19), P. 2762 - 2762

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Pesticide use in crops is a severe problem some countries. Each country has its legislation for use, but they differ the degree of tolerance these broadly toxic products. Several synthetic pesticides can cause air, soil, and water pollution, contaminating human food chain other living beings. In addition, them accumulate environment an indeterminate amount time. The agriculture sector must guarantee healthy with sustainable production using environmentally friendly methods. this context, biological biopesticides from microbes plants are growing green solution segment. pests attack worldwide, including weeds, insects, nematodes, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, causing diseases economic losses. bioproducts microorganisms, microbial (MBPs) or alone, practice due to intense research world. Mainly, baculoviruses have been used sources biomolecules secondary metabolites biopesticide use. Different methods, direct soil application, spraying techniques endotherapy, seed treatment, used. Adjuvants like surfactants, protective agents, carriers improve system different formulations. tool bioremediation environment. This review summarizes topics, focusing on origin.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling lignocellulolytic potential: a genomic exploration of bacterial lineages within the termite gut

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

The microbial landscape within termite guts varies across families. gut microbiota of lower termites (LT) is dominated by cellulolytic flagellates that sequester wood particles in their digestive vacuoles, whereas the flagellate-free higher (HT), activity has been attributed to fiber-associated bacteria. However, little known about role individual lineages fiber digestion, particularly LT.

Language: Английский

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