Changing discourses in the third pole: A systematic review of climate change impact on biodiversity in the Hindu Kush Himalaya

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 111046 - 111046

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Climate change has emerged as one of the major threats to biodiversity and Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is facing challenges due a higher rate elevation dependent warming erratic rainfall. The rich bounty ecosystem services provided by this ‘water tower’ ‘Third Pole’ are under risk. Though there scattered sectoral knowledge available, comprehensive understanding on climate its impact lacking in HKH. To fill gap, systematic literature review using search, appraisal, synthesis, analysis (SALSA) was undertaken look at temporal spatial trends research focusing impacts services. increasing trend evolution from multidisciplinarity approach with focus suggested strong influence regional priority global discourse. There clear pattern biophysical environmental focused early phase 1990s societal concerns highlighting vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation measures later phases. also revealed an multidisciplinary, networking bringing innovative tools linking biodiversity. However, showed greater Tibetan plateau alpine decreasing interest forest ecosystems, very negligible wetlands. Studies assessments but relatively low rate. Better representation investments based vulnerable underrepresented countries collaborative emerging areas such restoration larger scale nature-based solutions could contribute resilience

Language: Английский

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Changes in oribatid mite community structure along two altitudinal gradients in Asia and Europe as related to environmental factors

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 104912 - 104912

Published: April 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Hybrid zones in the European Alps impact the phylogeography of alpine vicariant willow species (Salix L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 20, 2025

Introduction In the European Alps, Pleistocene climate oscillations resulted in geographical range expansions and restrictions of species. Postglacial recolonizations often result secondary contact hybridization vicariant species, thereby creating hybrid zones with patterns introgression. Here, we compare genetic structure two between willow species pairs occurring Alpine System. Supplemented by morphological ecological data, try to understand factors shaping their influence on filling patterns. Methods RAD sequencing morphometric data were used characterize biogeographical history, diversity zone each pair. Vegetation relevés distribution models provided context support. Key results Results suggest that recolonization Alps happened from peripheral glacial refugia, resulting broad Eastern both pairs. Both show introgression, but differ symmetry intensity gene flow, type introgressed loci, range. Habitat preferences do not indicate barriers recolonization. Conclusions Hybrid only affect flow also appear impact

Language: Английский

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The niche of Alpine Botany

Alpine Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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The uneven distribution of refugial endemics across the European Alps suggests a threefold role of climate in speciation of refugial populations

Alpine Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(1), P. 29 - 50

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract A little more than 10% of the vascular plant flora native to European Alps is endemic this area. It has long been noticed that distribution endemics across very uneven. While most are found along southern edge Alps, with some also on its western, eastern, and northeastern edges, northern or less between Lake Geneva in west Traun east harbours almost no endemics. The often related location glacial refugia. Accordingly, virtual absence from explained unsuitability climatic conditions for survival alpine plants there. After discussing evidence existence refugia species north I will examine how these differed Alps. conclude uneven best by different climate through time south These differences affected spatial structure extent refugia, length isolation refugial populations, selective

Language: Английский

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Ice age‐driven range shifts of diploids and expanding autotetraploids of Biscutella laevigata within a conserved niche

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Summary Early studies of the textbook mixed‐ploidy system Biscutella laevigata highlighted diploids restricted to never‐glaciated lowlands and tetraploids at high elevations across European Alps, promoting hypothesis that whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is advantageous under environmental changes. Here we addressed long‐held hypotheses on role hybridisation origin tetraploids, their single vs multiple origins, whether a shift in climatic niche accompanied WGD. Climatic modelling together with spatial genetics coalescent based ddRAD‐seq genotyping 17 diploid 19 tetraploid populations was used revisit evolution this species complex space time. Diploids differentiated into four genetic lineages corresponding allopatric glacial refugia onset last ice age, whereas displaying tetrasomic inheritance formed uniform group originated from southern before maximum. Derived occurring elevation, autotetraploids likely inherited adaptation elevation rather than having evolved it through or after They further presented considerable postglacial expansion Alps underwent admixture diploids. Although underpinnings successful remain elusive, differentiation B. chiefly driven by history Alps.

Language: Английский

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Historical biogeography and local adaptation explain population genetic structure in a widespread terrestrial orchid

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 131(4), P. 623 - 634

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Abstract Background and Aims Historical changes in environmental conditions colonization–extinction dynamics have a direct impact on the genetic structure of plant populations. However, understanding how past influenced evolution species with high gene flow is challenging when signals for isolation adaptation are swamped by flow. We investigated spatial distribution widespread terrestrial orchid Epipactis helleborine to identify glacial refugia, characterize postglacial population assess its adaptive potential. Methods Ecological niche modelling was used locate possible refugia recolonization opportunities E. helleborine. A large single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset obtained through genotyping sequencing define diversity sources Outlier analyses were elucidate local environment contributed divergence. Key Results The climatically suitable areas restricted during Last Glacial Maximum Mediterranean, south-western Europe small Alps Carpathians. Within-population (mean expected heterozygosity, 0.373 ± 0.006; observed 0.571 0.012; allelic richness, 1.387 0.007). Italy central likely acted as important recolonization. Adaptive SNPs associated temperature, elevation precipitation. Conclusions Forests Mediterranean Carpathians Postglacial migration northwards higher elevations resulted dispersal diversification Italy, geographical divergent Greek Italian Distinguishing from neutral allowed us conclude that has potential climate change demonstrates historical can be identified even

Language: Английский

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Genome Size in the Arenaria ciliata Species Complex (Caryophyllaceae), with Special Focus on Northern Europe and the Arctic

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 635 - 635

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The main aim of the present study has been completion genome size data for diverse arctic-alpine A. ciliata species complex, with special focus on unexplored arctic taxon pseudofrigida, north-European norvegica, and gothica from Gotland (Sweden). Altogether, 46 individuals these three Nordic taxa have sampled seven different regions their estimated using flow cytometry. Three other alpine in complex (A. multicaulis, subsp. ciliata, bernensis) were also collected analyzed standardization purposes, comprising 20 six regions. A mean 2c value 1.65 pg DNA was recorded 2.80 4.14 gothica, as against reconfirmed 1.63 type ciliata. Our results presenting first estimations sizes newly taxa, corroborate ploidy levels described available literature, pseudofrigida being tetraploid (2n = 4x 40), norvegica possessing predominantly 2n 8x 80, 10x 100. reconfirms level published previously members this complex. Reflecting a likely recent biogeographic history, group comprises polyploid characterized by reticulate evolution, polyploidizations hybridizations, probably associated rapid latitudinal altitudinal migrations Pleistocene–Holocene period.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive differentiation on serpentine soil in diploid versus autotetraploid populations of Biscutella laevigata (Brassicaceae)

Oikos, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2024(5)

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Serpentine soils exhibit extreme properties (e.g. high magnesium content) influencing plant growth and survival, have been repeatedly documented to promote adaptive edaphic differentiation in plants. Individuals from four pairs of nearby diploid autotetraploid populations Biscutella laevigata sampled on serpentine versus non‐serpentine a factorial design are used assess the genetic phenotypic changes associated with origin ploidy level. Individual samples natural were subjected soil elemental analysis genotyping using restriction site‐associated DNA sequences (RAD‐seq) link variation contrasting levels. In diploids, was consistent demographic contraction pattern isolation by environment respect ratio calcium/magnesium concentrations, whereas tetraploids presented evidence expansion limited differentiation. The basis tolerance adaptation further assessed experimentally seed‐grown individuals all (serpentine‐like) low (control) concentrations hydropony. Fitness‐related traits under experimental cultivation among ecotypes but not that similarly grow both habitats consistently present higher investment roots. Further work comparing resynthesized polyploids diploids would help tease role whole genome duplication apart effects post‐polyploidy evolution.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and evolutionary drivers of phenotypic and genetic variation in the European crabapple [Malus sylvestris(L.) Mill.], a wild relative of the cultivated apple

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 131(6), P. 1025 - 1037

Published: May 6, 2023

Abstract Background and Aims Studying the relationship between phenotypic genetic variation in populations distributed across environmental gradients can help us to understand ecological evolutionary processes involved population divergence. We investigated patterns of diversity European crabapple, Malus sylvestris, a wild relative cultivated apple (Malus domestica) that occurs naturally Europe areas subjected different climatic conditions, test for divergence among populations. Methods Growth rates traits related carbon uptake seedlings collected were measured controlled conditions associated with status seedlings, which was assessed using 13 microsatellite loci Bayesian clustering method. Isolation-by-distance, isolation-by-climate isolation-by-adaptation patterns, explain differentiation M. sylvestris populations, also tested. Key Results A total 11.6 % introgressed by domestica, indicating crop–wild gene flow is ongoing Europe. The remaining (88.4 %) belonged seven Significant trait observed. did not observe significant isolation adaptation; however, association climate during Last Glacial Maximum suggests there has been local adaptation past climates. Conclusions This study provides insight into apple. might make better use its provide options mitigating impact change on through breeding.

Language: Английский

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