Genetic variation within the arctic-alpine Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex in Europe

Plant Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 311(1)

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Abstract The Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex is a circumpolar, boreo-arctic and montane taxon that includes numerous subspecies varieties. recent discovery of lonana in the Alps calls for thorough assessment relationships within C. . main aim our study was to elucidate phylogenetic position, genetic structure ploidy level , as compared other members from Central Europe Arctic. Fifteen populations were sampled across Northern Europe, their estimated using flow cytometry. Genetic variation characterized double digest RAD sequencing reads (ddRAD-seq) on total 115 individuals genotyped at 1157 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Based cytometric measurements, tetraploidy observed Arctic Alps, contrast exhibiting higher levels. genetically closely related arctic subsp. groenlandica while formed second cluster Europe. A third, very distinct northern Svalbard archipelago. Despite lacking evidence sexual reproduction, substantially more diversity than expected under asexual reproduction detected taxa. distribution has been shaped by major post-glacial environmental changes having affected cold regions specifically highlights valuable relict

Language: Английский

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Genome Size in the Arenaria ciliata Species Complex (Caryophyllaceae), with Special Focus on A. ciliata subsp. bernensis, a Narrow Endemic of the Swiss Northern Alps

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(24), P. 3489 - 3489

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

The genus Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) comprises approximately 300 species worldwide; however, to date, just six of these taxa have been investigated in terms their genome size. main subject the present study is A. ciliata complex, with special focus on subsp. bernensis, an endemic plant occurring Swiss Northern Alps. Altogether, 16 populations and 77 individuals complex sampled sizes were estimated using flow cytometry, including s.str., multicaulis, gothica. bernensis shows highest 2c-value 6.91 pg DNA, while gothica showed 2c = 3.69 pg, s.str. 1.71 multicaulis 1.57 pg. These results confirm very high ploidy level (2n 20x 200) compared other as detected by our chromosome counting previously documented earlier work. size and, thus, also level, stable across whole distribution area this taxon. delivers additional support for taxonomic distinctiveness alpine which strongly aligns differences morphology, phylogeny, phenology, ecology, communities, described previously. In affirming differences, further now exists re-consider status Upgrading full rank would significantly improve conservation prospects taxon, as, because its precise ecological adaptation summit habitats, faces acute threats from accelerated climate warming.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and evolutionary drivers of phenotypic and genetic variation in the European crabapple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.), a wild relative of the cultivated apple

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2022

Abstract Characterizing the phenotypic and genetic variation among populations of crop wild relatives help understanding ecological evolutionary processes involved in population divergence, better harness their diversity to mitigate impact climate change on crops. We assessed European crabapple, Malus sylvestris , a main contributor cultivated apple genome ( domestica ), investigated for divergence. growth rate traits related carbon uptake between seedlings measured common garden, it ancestry seedlings, using 13 microsatellite loci Bayesian clustering method. The occurrence patterns isolation-by-distance, -by-climate -by-adaptation that might have caused differentiation M. was also tested. Seedlings belonged seven Europe, with 11.6% introgressed by . Significant trait observed, which some moderate high heritability. Lack association divergence suggests this significant is not adaptive, but strong during last glacial maximum local adaptation past climates. This study provides an insight into drivers species relative apples, starting point future breeding programs. Societal Statement Apple major fruit worldwide model underlying perennial domestication. Several contributed make-up apple, yet data across natural distribution lacking. revealed showed both geography, surprisingly, current climate, shaped its structure. provide harnessing programs crop.

Language: Английский

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BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CENTRAL SOUTHERN ALPS: THE FIRST ALPINE RECORD OF THE ALIEN PARASITOID LYSIPHLEBUS TESTACEIPES (CRESSON) AND NEW SPECIES FOR ITALY

Redia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 167 - 174

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

Despite the ecological importance of parasitoid wasps for stability Alps ecosystems, available knowledge about braconid these environments is still very limited. Here, we explored diversity Alpine parasitoids in Southern Central Alps. We recorded 18 species braconids, 12 which are from subfamily Aphidiinae. In particular, detected first time alien Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) Alps, providing information that could be considered to evaluate invasiveness this species. The second most diverse was Microgastrinae with two species, while one each subfamilies Alysiinae, Braconinae, Cheloninae and Euphorinae. Four Aphidiinae – Aphidius hieraciorum Starý, schimitscheki (Starý), Harkeria angustivalvus (Starý) Monoctonus crepidis (Haliday) new records fauna Italy. This work contributes Moreover, it can a starting point both explore complex tritrophic interactions potentially threatened by climate change role early flowering plants on diversity. Key Words: biotic interactions, Italian fauna, parasitoids.

Language: Английский

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