Improving drought tolerance in rice: Ensuring food security through multi‐dimensional approaches

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 172(2), P. 645 - 668

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Abstract Drought has been highly prevalent around the world especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South‐East Asian countries. Consistent climatic instabilities unpredictable rainfall patterns are further worsening situation. Rice is a C 3 staple cereal an important food crop for majority of world's population drought stress one major growth retarding threats rice that slashes down grain quality yield. deteriorates productivity induces various acclimation responses aids mitigation. However, complexity traits associated with tolerance made understanding stress‐induced challenging process. An integrative based on physiological adaptations, omics, transgenic molecular breeding approaches successively backed up to developing stress‐tolerant rice. The review represents step forward develop drought‐resilient plants by exploiting knowledge collaborates omics‐based developments efforts ensure compilation all possible strategies undertaken

Language: Английский

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Meta-QTLs, ortho-MQTLs and candidate genes for nitrogen use efficiency and root system architecture in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 2245 - 2267

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Technological Innovations for Improving Cassava Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 21, 2021

Cassava is crucial for food security of millions people in sub-Saharan Africa. The crop has great potential to contribute African development and increasing its income-earning small-scale farmers related value chains on the continent. Therefore, it critical increase cassava production, as well quality attributes. Technological innovations offer drive this envisioned change. This paper highlights genomic tools resources available cassava. also provides a glimpse how these have been used screen understand pattern genetic diversity Here, we reviewed approaches currently phenotyping traits, highlighting methodologies link genotypic phenotypic information, dissect genetics architecture key identify quantitative trait loci/markers significantly associated with those traits. Additionally, examined knowledge acquired utilized improvement. We explored major applied field molecular breeding cassava, their promises, limitations. role national agricultural research systems partners sustainable production.

Language: Английский

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Developing resistance to Fusarium wilt in chickpea: From identifying meta‐QTLs to molecular breeding

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Fusarium wilt (FW) significantly affects the growth and development of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), leading to substantial economic losses. FW resistance is a quantitative trait that controlled by multiple genomic regions. In this study, meta-analysis was conducted on 32 loci (QTLs) associated with resistance, identification seven meta-QTL (MQTL) regions distributed across CaLG2, CaLG4, CaLG5, CaLG6 linkage groups. The integrated analysis revealed several candidate genes potentially important for including sensing (e.g., LRR-RLK), signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK1]), transcription regulation NAC, WRKY, bZIP). Subsequently, marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) trial executed leveraging MQTL outcomes introgress from an FW-resistant cultivar (Ana) into superior high-yielding Kabuli (Hashem). breeding process extended over 5 years (2018-2023) resulted in BC3F2 genotypes. Consequently, 12 genotypes carrying homozygous alleles were chosen, three showing genetic backgrounds matching 90%-96% recurrent parent. findings study have significant implications upcoming programs, encompassing fine-mapping, breeding, engineering, consequently contributing effective control improved production chickpea.

Language: Английский

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Applications and Trends of Machine Learning in Genomics and Phenomics for Next-Generation Breeding

Plants, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 34 - 34

Published: Dec. 25, 2019

Crops are the major source of food supply and raw materials for processing industry. A balance between crop production consumption is continually threatened by plant diseases adverse environmental conditions. This leads to serious losses every year results in shortages, particularly developing countries. Presently, cutting-edge technologies genome sequencing phenotyping crops combined with progress computational sciences leading a revolution breeding, boosting identification genetic basis traits at precision never reached before. In this frame, machine learning (ML) plays pivotal role data-mining analysis, providing relevant information decision-making towards achieving breeding targets. To end, we summarize recent next-generation genomics-assisted toward exploitation natural variation target genes. We also explore application ML managing big data predictive models, reporting case study using microRNAs (miRNAs) identify genes related stress

Language: Английский

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Broadening the GMO risk assessment in the EU for genome editing technologies in agriculture

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(1)

Published: Aug. 11, 2020

Abstract Genome editing techniques, especially the CRISPR/Cas technology, increase possibilities and speed of altering genetic material in organisms. So-called genome is increasingly being used to achieve agriculturally relevant novel traits and/or combinations both plants animals, although predominantly as proof concept studies, with commercial growing or rearing so far limited U.S. Canada. However, there are numerous reports unintended effects such off-target effects, on-target other consequences arising from editing, summarised under term genomic irregularities. Despite this, searching for irregularities routine these studies protocols vary widely, particularly leading differences efficacy detection effects. Here, we describe range specific associated editing. We examine considerable change animals SDN-1 SDN-2 (i.e. without insertion genes conferring trait) show that techniques able produce a broad spectrum that, thus far, were not possible be obtained using conventional breeding techniques. consider current EU risk assessment guidance GMOs requires revision broadening capture all potential suggest additional tools assist genome-edited environment food/animal feed EU.

Language: Английский

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Pyramiding Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Tainung82 for Broad-Spectrum Resistance Using Marker-Assisted Selection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 1281 - 1281

Published: Feb. 14, 2020

Tainung82 (TNG82) is one of the most popular japonica varieties in Taiwan due to its relatively high yield and grain quality, however, TNG82 susceptible bacterial blight (BB) disease. The economical eco-friendly way control BB disease through utilization that are resistant In order improve TNG82's resistance disease, five genes (Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 Xa21) were derived from a donor parent, IRBB66 transferred into via marker-assisted backcrossing breeding. Five BB-resistant gene-linked markers integrated backcross breeding program identify individuals possessing identified Xa21). polymorphic between recurrent parent used for background selection. Plants having maximum contribution genome selected each generation crossed with recipient parent. Selected BC3F1 plants selfed generate homozygous BC3F2 plants. Nine pyramided plants, all genes, obtained. These displayed level against strain, XF89-b. Different gene pyramiding lines also inoculated pathogen, resulting more than three exhibited levels resistance. other desirable agronomic traits, including quality palatability, consistent TNG82. Bacterial blight-resistant not only higher but greater quality. Pyramiding multiple potential characteristics single genotype selection can efficiency generating new crop exhibiting resistance, as well traits.

Language: Английский

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Achievements and Challenges of Genomics-Assisted Breeding in Forest Trees: From Marker-Assisted Selection to Genome Editing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(19), P. 10583 - 10583

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Forest tree breeding efforts have focused mainly on improving traits of economic importance, selecting trees suited to new environments or generating that are more resilient biotic and abiotic stressors. This review describes various methods forest selection assisted by genomics the main technological challenges achievements in research at genomic level. Due long rotation time a plantation resulting generation times necessary complete cycle, use advanced techniques with traditional been necessary, allowing precise for determining genetic architecture interest, such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (GS). In this sense, factors determine accuracy prediction models also addressed. turn, introduction genome editing opens door possibilities especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). It is highly efficient effective technique has used effectively implement targetable changes specific places tree. still lack transformation method an inefficient number genotypes CRISPR/Cas9. challenge could be addressed newly developing GRF-GIF speed breeding.

Language: Английский

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Strategies to Modulate Specialized Metabolism in Mediterranean Crops: From Molecular Aspects to Field

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 2887 - 2887

Published: March 12, 2021

Plant specialized metabolites (SMs) play an important role in the interaction with environment and are part of plant defense response. These natural products volatile, semi-volatile non-volatile compounds produced from common building blocks deriving primary metabolic pathways rapidly evolved to allow a better adaptation plants environmental cues. Specialized include terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tannins, resins, etc. that can be used as phytochemicals, food additives, flavoring agents pharmaceutical compounds. This review will focused on Mediterranean crop source SMs, special attention strategies modulate their production, including abiotic stresses, beneficial soil microorganisms novel genetic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Multi-Trait Multi-Environment Genomic Prediction for End-Use Quality Traits in Winter Wheat

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Soft white wheat is a class used in foreign and domestic markets to make various end products requiring specific quality attributes. Due associated cost, time, amount of seed needed, phenotyping for the end-use trait delayed until later generations. Previously, we explored potential using genomic selection (GS) selecting superior genotypes earlier breeding program. Breeders typically measure multiple traits across locations, it opens up avenue exploring multi-trait–based GS models. This study’s main objective was explore multi-trait models predicting seven different cross-validation, independent prediction, across-location predictions The population consisted 666 soft planted 5 years at two locations Washington, United States. We optimized compared performances four uni-trait– models, namely, Bayes B, best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forests. accuracies were 5.5 7.9% uni-trait within-environment predictions. Multi-trait machine deep learning performed GBLUP B predictions, but their advantages diminished when genotype by environment component included model. highest improvement accuracy, that is, 35% obtained flour protein content with MLP study showed enhance accuracy information from previously phenotyped traits. It would assist speeding cycle time cost-friendly manner.

Language: Английский

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