Hormonal crosstalk in regulating salinity stress tolerance in graminaceous crops

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 173(4), P. 1587 - 1596

Published: Sept. 19, 2021

Abstract Soil salinity is one of the major threats that pose challenges to global cereal productivity and food security. Cereals have evolved sophisticated mechanisms circumvent stress at morpho‐physiological, biochemical, molecular levels. Salt cues are perceived by roots, which trigger underlying signaling pathways involve phytohormones. Each phytohormone triggers a specific pathway integrated in complex manner produce antagonistic, synergistic, additive responses. Phytohormones induce salt‐responsive modulate various physiological anatomical mechanisms, including cell wall repair, apoplastic pH regulation, ion homeostasis, root hair formation, chlorophyll content, leaf morphology. Exogenous applications phytohormones moderate adverse effects improve growth. Understanding hormonal crosstalk cereals under salt will advance knowledge about cooperation or antagonistic among hormones their role developing salt‐tolerant enhance saline agricultural land. In this context, present review focuses on mediate response adaptation graminaceous crops.

Language: Английский

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Seed value chain development in the Global South: Key issues and new directions for public breeding programs

Outlook on Agriculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 366 - 377

Published: Nov. 13, 2021

Where CGIAR breeding programs rely on the private sector for multiplication and distribution of improved cultivars, persistent challenges have dampened their impact varietal adoption turnover rates. Part problem is that research practice in among its national program partners tend to treat as a vehicle seed delivery, rather than commercial businesses facing range unique constraints threats. This paper adopts value chain framework examine these relationships pathways adoption/turnover outcomes three cases: hybrid maize, farmed fish, rice. In first two cases, weak incentives high risks left companies reluctant invest marketing quality assurance efforts needed realize near-term impacts at scale from investments. third case, played an insignificant role: grain traders supplied certified smallholders, potentially prioritizing consumers’ preferences over climate-resilience stress-tolerance traits farmers. The findings raise important questions about role programs; specifically, how can effectively support deliver greater scale, consumer are captured trait prioritization within programs, what types incentive mechanisms be changed advance genuine shift towards ‘demand-oriented’ plant breeding.

Language: Английский

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Managing Fall Armyworm in Africa: Can Bt Maize Sustainably Improve Control?

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 114(5), P. 1934 - 1949

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

The recent invasion of Africa by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a lepidopteran pest maize and other crops, has heightened concerns about food security for millions smallholder farmers. Maize genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is potentially useful tool controlling armyworm pests in Africa. In Americas, however, rapidly evolved practical resistance producing one Bt toxin (Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa). Also, aside South Africa, not been approved cultivation where stakeholders each nation will make decisions its deployment. context we address production use; distribution, host range, impact; control tactics than maize; strategies more sustainable accessible smallholders. We recommend mandated refuges non-Bt plants at least 50% total hectares single-toxin 20% two distinct toxins that are highly effective against armyworm. practices planting cultivar intercropping with could facilitate compliance. also propose creating providing farmers access produces four encoded linked genes single transgene cassette. Using this novel as component integrated management sustainably improve including

Language: Английский

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Environmental stress tolerance in maize (

Functional Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 85 - 96

Published: March 18, 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.), a major multipurpose crop for food, feed and energy is extremely susceptible to environmental perturbations setting off the factors limiting maize yield. Generally, plant yields are reduced significantly lost adverse environments biotic strains. To ensure safety of living cells under unfavourable circumstances, polyamines (PAs) play an important role in regulating response both abiotic stresses. It relative abundance higher PAs (spermidine, Spd; spermine, Spm) vis-à-vis diamine putrescine (Put) PA catabolism that determines stress tolerance plants. Climate changes increasing demands production have made it pressing improve strategies this imperative understand various perturbations. Here, we critically review summarise recent literature on conferring golden crop. The responses terms accumulation, their mechanism action all genetic manipulation studies carried out metabolism pathway, ameliorating range stresses been discussed. As conditions does not operate singly within always linked other metabolic pathways maize, its complex connections as signalling molecule also discussed review.

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide association studies of grain yield and quality traits under optimum and low-nitrogen stress in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 135(12), P. 4351 - 4370

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Abstract Key message Genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated that multiple genomic regions influence grain quality traits under nitrogen-starved soils. Using prediction, genetic gains can be improved through selection for traits. Soils in sub-Saharan Africa are nitrogen deficient due to low fertilizer use and inadequate soil fertility management practices. This has resulted a significant yield gap the major staple crop maize, which is undermining nutritional security livelihood sustainability across region. Dissecting basis of protein, starch oil content soils increase our understanding governing systems improve efficacy future breeding schemes. An mapping panel 410 inbred lines four bi-parental populations were evaluated field trials Kenya South optimum conditions genotyped with 259,798 SNP markers. Genetic correlations these may utilized select higher performing stress. Furthermore, genotypic, environmental GxE variations found content. Broad sense heritabilities ranged from moderate (0.18) high (0.86). Under stress, GWAS identified 42 SNPs linked These associated 51 putative candidate genes. Linkage QTLs conditions, average prediction accuracies studied genotypes (0.78) lower (0.08). Our findings indicate polygenic using maize gain. markers

Language: Английский

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