Identification of Genomic Regions for Traits Associated with Flowering in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 796 - 796

Published: March 12, 2024

Flowering in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is crucial for the generation of botanical seed breeding. However, genotypes preferred by most farmers are erect and poor at flowering or never flower. To elucidate genetic basis flowering, 293 diverse accessions were evaluated flowering-associated traits two locations seasons Uganda. Genotyping using Diversity Array Technology Pty Ltd. (DArTseq) platform identified 24,040 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed on 18 chromosomes. Population structure analysis principal components (PCs) kinships showed three clusters; first five PCs accounted 49.2% observed variation. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimation averaged 0.32 a distance ~2850 kb (kilo base pairs). Polymorphism information content (PIC) minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.25 0.23, respectively. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) uncovered 53 significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) with involving 27 loci. Two loci, SNPs S5_29309724 S15_11747301, associated all traits. Using Phenotype_Variance_Explained (PVE) ≥ 5%, 44 candidate genes peak SNP sites located within 50 upstream downstream, branching Eight genes, orthologous to Arabidopsis other plant species, had known functional annotations related e.g., eukaryotic translation initiation factor myb family transcription factor. This genomic regions cassava, can be useful marker-assisted selection overcome hybridization challenges, like unsynchronized gene validation.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of potential increase in photosynthetic efficiency of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants exposed to elevated carbon dioxide

Functional Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(6)

Published: May 14, 2024

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical crop, is affected by extreme climatic events, including rising CO2 levels. We evaluated the short-term effect of elevated concentration (ECO2 ) (600, 800 and 1000ppm) on photosynthetic efficiency 14 cassava genotypes. ECO2 significantly altered gaseous exchange parameters (net rate (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s intercellular (C i transpiration (E )) in leaves. There were significant but varying interactive effects between varieties these physiological characteristics. at 600 800ppm increased P range 13-24% comparison to 400ppm (ambient followed acclimation highest 1000ppm. A similar trend was observed g E . Conversely, C linearly across increasing concentration. Along with , a steady increase water use [WUEintrinsic /g WUEinstantaneous /E )] various concentrations corresponded central role restricted activity, common response under Furthermore, had quadratic relationship (R 2 =0.489) linear =0.227). Relative humidity vapour pressure deficit during time measurements remained 70-85% ~0.9-1.31kPa, respectively, 26±2°C leaf temperature. Notably, not single variety exhibited constant performance for any concentrations. Our results indicate that potential photosynthesis can be up high sink capacity cultivated protected cultivation attain higher productivity.

Language: Английский

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Genetic dissection of cassava brown streak disease in a genomic selection population

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Introduction Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is a major threat to food security in East and central Africa. Breeding for resistance against CBSD the most economical sustainable way of addressing this challenge. Methods This study seeks assess (1) performance incidence severity; (2) identify genomic regions associated with traits (3) candidate genes interest, Cycle 2 population National Crops Resources Research Institute. Results A total 302 diverse clones were screened, revealing that across growing seasons was 44%. Severity scores both foliar root symptoms ranged from 1.28 1.99 1.75 2.28, respectively seasons. Broad sense heritability low high (0.15 - 0.96), while narrow moderate (0.03 0.61). Five QTLs, explaining approximately 19% phenotypic variation identified severity at 3 months after planting on chromosomes 1, 13, 18 univariate GWAS analysis. Multivariate analysis 17 QTLs consistent including additional chromosome 6. Seventy-seven these functions such as catalytic activity, ATP-dependent binding, response stimulus, translation regulator transporter activity among others. Discussion These results suggest virulence C2 population, largely due genetics annotated may play critical roles virus initiation replication, thus increasing susceptibility CBSD.

Language: Английский

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Near-infrared spectroscopy for early selection of waxy cassava clones via seed analysis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch consists of amylopectin and amylose, with its properties determined by the proportion these two polymers. Waxy starches contain at least 95% amylopectin. In food industry, waxy are advantageous, pastes that more stable towards retrogradation, while high-amylose used as resistant starches. This study aimed to associate near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) spectra phenotype in cassava seeds develop an accurate classification model for indirect selection plants. A total 1127 F 2 were obtained from controlled crosses performed between 77 1 genotypes (wild-type, Wx _). Seeds individually identified, spectral data via NIRS using a benchtop NIRFlex N-500 portable SCiO device spectrometer. Four models assessed genotype identification: k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), C5.0 decision tree (CDT), parallel random forest (parRF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Spectral divided training set (80%) testing (20%). The accuracy, based on data, ranged 0.86 (parRF) 0.92 Kappa index displayed similar trend considering lowest value parRF method (0.39) highest XGB (0.71). For device, accuracy (0.88−0.89) was among four evaluated. However, lower than N-500, this 0 0.16 (KNN CDT). Therefore, despite high last incapable correctly classifying non-waxy clones spectra. confusion matrix demonstrate results set. both NIRS, efficient clones, values ranging 96−100%. differed potential predict class. percentage 30% 70% general, tended classify non-waxy, mainly SCiO. use can perform early phenotype.

Language: Английский

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Cassava - Recent Updates on Food, Feed, and Industry

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Cassava is a staple crop in many nations due to its adaptability wide range of climates. It has expanded across tropical Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Cassava, noted for high carbohydrate content, third content after rice maize. Cassava - Recent Updates on Food, Feed, Industry the second edition our previous book, Biology, Production, Use. This new four sections. The first section discusses perspectives several countries cassava, including food security circular economy. Due importance cassava countries, examines recent biotechnological advances as well soil management modifications improvement cassava. disease control plants. widespread use industrial importance, been subjected biological technological intervention processing into food, feed, other matter, which covered final section. We hope that this book will help readers gain advanced knowledge about learn from experts field with multiple perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Seventy years of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (LAM)] research in South Africa

Crop Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(3), P. 1112 - 1128

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Abstract The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations puts forward a transformational vision to cope with food security, nutrition, and health challenges, in which sweet potato can play an important role. Globally, production is valued at $53.83 billion. Agricultural Research Council South Africa (ARC) research development (R&D) program over past seven decades delivered 31 genetically improved cultivars via demand‐led breeding, managed collection maintenance 375 accessions, contributed toward optimization cultivation practices, developed crop protection diagnostic services, provided streamlined seed systems technology transfer processing enterprise development. ARC's work part large number interdependent global programs committed improving livelihoods nutrition through potato. This review shares analyses major achievements, highlights unique contributions achieved partnerships, discusses bottlenecks on funding uptake technologies. New imperatives will involve root phenotyping, employing marker‐based technologies, genome‐wide association studies new received recently. Exploration commercialization potential processed products made from orange‐fleshed be focus R&D program. Expansion marketing, financing future contribution economy.

Language: Английский

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Reduced glutathione and raffinose lengthens postharvest storage of cassava root tubers by improving antioxidant capacity and antibiosis

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Cassava is an ideal food security crop in marginal and drought environment. However, the post-harvest storage of cassava urgent problem to be resolved. In this study, tolerant non-tolerant were screened by measuring change Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) Malondialdehyde (MDA) seven cultivars cassava. Compared with other cultivars, cultivar SC14 showed highest level SOD, MDA POD respectively at 0 day, 12 day 9 postharvest while exhibited lowest CAT postharvest, indicating strongest antioxidant capability tolerance. contrast, GR15231, termed as non-tolerance SOD kept a relative high post-harvest. addition, has higher starch dry substance than GR15231. Mass spectrum was performed for GR15231 explore key metabolites regulating tolerance The results that expression glutathione (reduced) raffinose significantly decreased both post-harvest, may potential protecting from deterioration Additionally, ratio SC14a/SC14b five times less GR15231a/GR15231b, reflecting slower degradation compared cultivar. conclusion, microenvironment induced reduced might promising improve its capacity antibiosis thus maintained quality root tubers.

Language: Английский

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Physico-chemical profiling of edible or sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starches from Brazilian germplasm

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 101305 - 101305

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Development of portfolio management tools in crop breeding programs: a case study of cassava in sub-Saharan Africa

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 7, 2024

The response to the diverse needs along cassava value chain, urge increase genetic gain, and need for rapid varietal turnover will necessitate not only technological innovations but also transformation of public breeding programs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We developed guiding, flexible adaptative tools portfolio management breeding. product development pipeline process was mapped illustrate activities each stage, as well clarify key decision points. Stakeholders involved at all stages were identified. This allowed identification gaps new crucial functions. To accountability reduce complexity decision-making points, roles against decision-rights stage-gate. Cassava crop calendars different regions SSA facilitate better planning. A advancement template guide advancement. that have been stage-gate mapping, support regional efforts establish more structured, transparent, participatory, efficient, inclusive, demand-driven region. These approaches could be customized other commodities.

Language: Английский

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): a global scientific footprint—production, trade, and bibliometric insights

Discover Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a vital crop for over 500 million people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, especially Africa. Its role food security, livelihoods, and various industries has spurred extensive research. This study offers comprehensive bibliometric analysis of cassava research trends the past two decades (2000–2023), utilizing data from Scopus database exploring global production trade outlook this important crop. Globally, Nigeria's 63 tonnes 2021 represented about 20% world's total, securing its position as leading producer. Thailand led exports, reaching value $1.29 billion, while China dominated imports with $1.48 billion products. The reveals 13,238 publications 245,020 citations an h-index 41, indicating consistent growth output decades. Brazil emerged most prolific contributor, accounting 13.8% publications, followed by Nigeria China. highlights significant disparities funding between developed nations. Although producer, landscape countries. These findings underscore need increased investment collaborative efforts to enhance capacity By identifying knowledge gaps fostering partnerships, we can accelerate progress towards sustainable utilisation benefit all.

Language: Английский

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