Multi‐locus genome‐wide association study reveal genomic regions underlying root system architecture traits in Ethiopian sorghum germplasm

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract The identification of genomic regions underlying the root system architecture (RSA) is vital for improving crop abiotic stress tolerance. To improve sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) environmental tolerance, information on genetic variability and linked to RSA traits paramount. aim this study was, therefore, investigate common quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) via multiple methodologies identify in a panel 274 Ethiopian accessions. Multi‐locus genome‐wide association was conducted using 265,944 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Considering QTN detected by at least three different methods, total 17 reliable QTNs were found be significantly associated with angle, number, length, dry weight. Four chromosome SBI‐05, followed SBI‐01 SBI‐02 each. Among QTNs, 11 are colocated previously identified loci remaining six genome novel genes. A 118 genes these up‐ down‐streams QTNs. Moreover, five intragenic. These S5_8994835 (number nodal roots), S10_55702393 S1_56872999 (nodal angle), S9_1212069 S5_5667192 (root weight) intragenic Sobic.005G073101 , Sobic.010G198000 Sobic.001G273000 Sobic.009G013600 Sobic.005G054700 respectively. Particularly, responsible plant growth hormone‐induced RSA. may regulate development seedling stage. Further analysis might important explore structure sorghum.

Language: Английский

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Sowing summer grain crops early in late winter or spring: effects on root growth, water use, and yield

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Context Drought and extreme heat at flowering are common stresses limiting the yield of summer crops. Adaptation to these could be increased by sowing crops early in late winter or spring, avoid overlap drought with critical crop stages around flowering. Though little is known about effects cold weather on root growth, water use final grain sorghum. Objective This study aims explore conditions sorghum growth function (i.e., use), yield. Methods Two years field experiments were conducted Darling Eastern Downs region Qld, Australia. Each trial consisted three times (late winter, summer), two levels irrigation rainfed supplementary irrigated), four plant population densities (3, 6, 9 12 pl m −2 ), six commercial hybrids. Roots shoots sampled flag leaf stage sowing, irrigation, replications, for a single hybrid density (9 ). Crop functional traits derived from consecutive electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys At maturity biomass, components determined across all treatments. Results The combinations seasons, created large variations that affected production Early transferring vegetative reproductive increasing numbers tillers. Cold temperatures tended produce smaller rooting systems, root-to-shoot ratios, larger average diameters. Total length pre-flowering mean air up 20 °C. Linear relationships observed between an EMI index activity empirically values (cm cm −3 ) Conclusions Sowing sorghum, crop, spring transferred post-flowering later season. Root reduced lower than °C, indicating need increase tolerance sowing. higher sown related has potential development high throughput phenotyping applications.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Sorghum Improvement for Climate Resilience in the Global Arid and Semi-Arid Tropics: A Review

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 3025 - 3025

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Sorghum is a climate-resilient crop which has been cultivated as staple food in the semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia for nutrition security. However, current climate change increasingly affecting sorghum performance, especially at flowering stage when water availability critical grain filling, thus lowering yield. The development climate-resilient, biotic abiotic stress-tolerant, market-preferred, nutrient-dense varieties offers potentially cost-effective environmentally sustainable strategy adapting to change. Some common technologies improvement include mass selection, single seed descent, pure line marker-assisted facilitated by backcrossing genotyping using molecular markers. In addition, recent advancements including new machine learning algorithms, gene editing, genomic rapid generation advancement, recycling elite material, along with high-throughput phenotyping tools such drone- satellite-based images other speed-breeding techniques, have increased precision, speed, accuracy variety development. addition these modern breeding technologies, enhancing genetic diversity incorporate various resilience traits, against heat drought stress, into pools critical. This review covers potential crop, explores sorghum, discusses challenges facing breeding, highlights addresses perceptions farmers on production under conditions.

Language: Английский

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Ideotype‐Based Approach for Improving Root Traits in Crop Plants for Climate Resilience: How Far Have We Zeroed In on the Best Fit?

Annual Plant Reviews online, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 225 - 258

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract The unprecedented challenges to crop production driven by climate change drivers warrant the development of resilient varieties sustain yield. In present and future, climate, drought, salinity temperature stress will be major yield‐limiting factors. Roots are primary responders flooding assume a key position in developing plant resilience. Root architecture has emerged as promising focal point breeding efforts aimed at resource‐efficient crops. However, selection frequently prioritises shoot performance exclusively because evaluating root traits is more intricate process. Improving pivotal factor increasing efficiency water nutrient capture, reducing yield gaps providing necessary foundation for ‘Evergreen Revolution’, which essential aligning with needs growing human population. building an ideotype system (RSA) been precluded obvious difficulties reliable phenotyping greater growth plasticity abiotic response root, some cases, can maladaptive due metabolic costs. Nevertheless, large body experimental data generated build optimum diverse stressful environments. this article, we provide overview typical RSA ideotypes under various stresses that have suggested previous research indicate functional evidence on role phenes could help breeders their include pipelines tolerance, improve resilience Such approach deliver quicker improvements compared solely based yield, particularly environments, using precisely tailored increase long‐term sustainability mitigate impacts stresses. Also, probabilities future strategies other discussed. Prioritising these ideotype‐related programs significantly boost enhance agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Seminal root angle is associated with root system architecture in durum wheat

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Optimal root system architecture (RSA) is critical for efficient resource capture in soils, hence being an interest crop breeding. Seminal angle (SRA) at the seedling stage durum wheat has been suggested to be a good indicator of RSA. However, research on correlating such laboratory‐based phenotyping RSA later phases plant growth limited, resulting importance trait variation seen seedlings often overstated. To explore role SRA modifying growth, we assessed 11 genotypes contrasting (wide and narrow), grown rhizobox designed systems plants during late‐tillering. Aboveground traits dry mass different soil depths across entire volume were measured manually, while architectural extracted using image analysis summarised by multiple factor describe When comparing wide narrow genotypes, no differences detected aboveground total mass. observed allocation depths. The showed distinct RSAs, particularly upper (0–30 cm). exhibited ‘spread‐out’ with dense thin roots, whereas had compact fewer but thicker roots. Our study demonstrated clear difference between highlighting association direction distribution stages.

Language: Английский

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The plasticity of root traits and their effects on crop yield and yield stability

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Abstract Context Phenotypic plasticity can be a valuable adaptation strategy for coping with environmental heterogeneity. There is limited information on the of root traits and their effect yield stability. Objectives With perspective phenotypic plasticity, we focus functional associated to water uptake in field-grown sorghum answer: (i) How do genetic (G), (E) management (M) factors interactions, affect traits? (ii) stability? Methods A new high-throughput phenotyping approach was used G × E M trials quantify two traits, maximum rooting depth (MxRD) activity index (RAindex). Crop plasticities were determined using reaction norm method. Results The applied treatments created plastic responses between tested hybrids. hierarchy different studied i.e., grain number > weight traits. stability Hybrids high tend have more stable numbers weights. Conclusions diversity mean value that could match phenotypes target production environments. Our tool understanding dynamic interactions function, architecture field under variable

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of root system architecture traits in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) at the seedling stage

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Root system architecture (RSA) plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. However, the genetic basis of RSA sorghum has not been adequately elucidated. This study aimed investigate bases traits through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and determine genomic prediction (GP) accuracy landraces at seedling stage. Phenotypic data for nodal root angle (NRA), number roots (NNR), length (NRL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), dry (DSW), leaf area (LA) were collected from 160 accessions grown soil-based rhizotrons. The panel was genotyped with 5,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers use current GWAS GP studies. A multi-locus model, Fixed random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU), applied analysis. For GP, ridge-regression best linear unbiased (RR-BLUP) five different Bayesian models applied. total 17 SNP loci significantly associated studied identified, which nine are novel loci. Among traits, highest significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7. that explain proportion phenotypic variance (PVE) include sbi32853830 (PVE = 18.2%), sbi29954292 18.1%), sbi24668980 10.8%), sbi3022983 7%), sbi29897704 6.4%) sbi29897694 5.3%) NNR, LA, SDW, NRA, NRL SFW, respectively. estimated using ranged 0.30 0.63 while it 0.35 0.60 when RR-BLUP used. observed moderate high each trait suggests selection could be a feasible approach RSA-targeted breeding. Overall, present provides insights into offers opportunity speed up breeding drought-tolerant varieties.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic analysis of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] genotypes for drought responsive traits

Cogent Food & Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ethiopian Crop Gene Bank

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Root phenotypic plasticity: agronomic, breeding and modelling implications

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2024

CONTEXT. Phenotypic plasticity is one of four strategies for coping with environmental heterogeneity, and can be valuable crop adaptation. OBJECTIVE. With a perspective phenotypic plasticity, we focus on root traits associated to water uptake yield formation in field-grown sorghum aiming study: (1) How do genetic (G), (E) management (M) factors their interactions, affect functional traits? (2) does stability?; (3) introduced models? METHODS. A new high-throughput phenotyping approach, that uses time-lapsed electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys, was used field G´E´M trials quantify maximum rooting depth – RD, activity index– RA. determined using reaction norm method. RESULTS. The approach captured effects RA RD. There hierarchy plasticities above below ground traits, i.e., grain number > weight traits. the stability Hybrids high tended stabilise numbers weights. Useful diversity mean value amongst commercial hybrids found here, could match phenotypes target production environments. CONCLUSIONS. developed useful tool breeding agronomy increase adaptation drought stress.

Language: Английский

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