Hospital-Based Analysis of Early-Onset Diabetes in Ghana's Upper East Region: Prevalence, Complications, and Challenges

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in individuals under 30 years, encompassing type 1 diabetes (T1DM), early-onset 2 (T2DM), monogenic diabetes, and maturity-onset of young (MODY). This study investigated prevalence, diagnosis, types, complications associated with Ghana, utilizing hospital data from 52 patients years age. Among them, 20 were years. T1DM was diagnosed 15 patients, while only one case T2DM identified. Secondary unknown etiologies common diagnosis (22 cases), indicating potential presence undiagnosed or MODY. Reported included diabetic foot (5 nephropathy (2 case), infections (4 retinopathy cases) ketoacidosis (13 cases). While recovered discharged, 3 deaths, referral, absconded recorded. These findings highlight importance accurate targeted management strategies, further research into secondary its underlying causes Ghana. The underscores need for improved diagnostic capabilities, awareness, healthcare resources to address country.

Language: Английский

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Call to action for Clinicians in the South-East Asian Regions on Primary Prevention of Diabetes in people with Prediabetes- A Consensus statement

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111997 - 111997

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning Models Integrating Dietary Indicators Improve the Prediction of Progression from Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 947 - 947

Published: March 8, 2025

Background: Diet plays an important role in preventing and managing the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims develop prediction models incorporating specific dietary indicators explore performance T2DM patients non-T2DM patients. Methods: retrospective was conducted on 2215 Henan Rural Cohort. The key variables were selected using univariate analysis least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO). Multiple predictive constructed separately based clinical factors. of different compared impact integrating factors accuracy evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration decision curve (DCA) used evaluate performance. Meanwhile, group spatial validation sets further assess models. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) applied identify influencing T2DM. Results: Nine quantitatively collected through standardized questionnaires construct extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model outperformed other three prediction. area under (AUC) F1 score cohort 0.929 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.916–0.942] 0.865 (95%CI 0.845–0.884), respectively. Both higher than traditional (AUC 0.854 0.779, respectively, p < 0.001). SHAP showed that fasting plasma glucose, eggs, whole grains, income level, red meat, nuts, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, age predictors progression. Additionally, curves displayed a favorable agreement between actual observations. DCA revealed employing XGBoost predict risk occurrence would be advantageous if threshold beyond 9%. Conclusions: by has shown good predicting Emphasizing diet is crucial personalized patient care management.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying the wound healing and tissue regeneration properties of a novel gauze dressing impregnated with traditional herbal medicine (Ya-Samarn-Phlae) in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 9, 2025

A traditional preparation of Ya-Samarn-Phlae (T-YaSP) consists Garcinia mangostana L., Oryza sativa Curcuma longa and Areca catechu L. has been used in Thai medicine as an infused oil for treating chronic diabetic wounds. It is reputed its antibacterial, antioxidant, wound-healing properties. Despite use, scientific validation the mechanisms underlying wound healing remains limited. This study aims to develop a novel gauze dressing impregnated with ointment containing T-YaSP (YaSP) enhance practical application elucidate action promoting both non-diabetic type 2 wounds this ointment. YaSP was developed tested stability dermal irritation. Changes chemical markers during storage were measured qualitatively quantitatively. Its anti-inflammatory activity assessed using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The effect on levels nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2), pro-inflammatory enzymes (iNOS COX-2) measured. effects full-thickness (6 mm diameter) models Wistar rats Goto-Kakizaki rats. In addition evaluating closure days 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, influence TGF-β1, VEGF, production collagen types I III, which indicate inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling phases, During 6-month period, α-mangostin content did not decrease; however, curcumin level showed significant reduction. Topical treatment demonstrated strong alleviated oxidative stress markers. improved rates models. Levels TGF-β1 VEGF increased, indicating promotion angiogenesis granulation tissue formation proliferation phase seventh day. Additionally, dropped 11th day, aligning diminished inflammation enhanced remodeling. balanced synthesis, increasing III early stages later healing. Histological analysis confirmed reduced inflammation, neovascularization, increased production. provides solution management demonstrates properties by modulating excess phase, regulating synthesis throughout phase. discovery reveals, first time, formulation, highlighting potential cost-effective alternative managing resource-limited settings.

Language: Английский

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Global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to secondhand smoke: a comprehensive analysis from the GBD 2021 study

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 29, 2025

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure represents an underappreciated global health risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with complex epidemiological implications. Leveraging the comprehensive Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset, we systematically evaluated worldwide burden attributable to secondhand (T2DM-SHS) across 204 countries. The analysis encompassed both death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) various genders, age groups, nations over period from 1990 2021. We examined trends socioeconomic impacts by analyzing age-standardized DALYs rates estimated annual percentage changes, stratified socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. following changes occurred between 2021: while mortality decreased 8.903% (95% UI: -16.824% -1.399%), increased 17.049% 9.065% 25.557%). Age-stratified revealed peak in 70-74 group, females experiencing highest 75-79 group males 90-94 group. An inverted U-shaped relationship SDI disease emerged, at moderate levels. Despite lowest burdens high-income countries, dynamics were most middle-range indicating that economic development does not linearly correlate outcomes. This unveils multifaceted landscape T2DM-SHS, exposing critical disparities gender, age, contexts. findings urgently call targeted, context-specific public interventions, particularly low- middle-income mitigate escalating T2DM-SHS burden.

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors for the Development of Early Onset Diabetes in the Population of Sindh Province, Pakistan

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1107 - 1107

Published: May 2, 2025

Background/Objective: Early-onset diabetes (EOD), diagnosed at ≤35 years, is a growing public health crisis in low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan. Identifying modifiable non-modifiable risk factors critical for developing effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the associated with EOD Sindh, Pakistan, focusing on genetic, lifestyle, metabolic determinants. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional was conducted across diabetic clinics primary data collection Baqai Institute of Diabetology Endocrinology (Karachi, Pakistan) secondary sites Hyderabad, Larkana, Sukkur. Following institutional ethical approval informed consent, we enrolled 754 individuals (type 1 type 2 diabetes, age diagnosis: 15–35 years). Data anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, lifestyle parameters were collected via structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s Chi Square tests multivariate logistic regression determining associations. Results: Logistic revealed key predictors early-onset (EOD). two-generation family history showed strong association (aOR:1.86, 1.12–3.43). Significant risks physical inactivity (OR:1.40, 1.03–1.90), frequent sugary beverage intake (OR:1.93, 1.89–1.98), abnormal sleep duration (<6 h: OR:1.58, 1.04–2.40; >8 OR:1.86, 1.21–2.85). Hypertension major predictor (elevated BP: OR:1.79, 1.28–1.54; Stage I: OR:1.81, 1.34–1.77). Cardiovascular disease uncontrolled fasting glucose lost significance after adjustment, indicating confounding effects. Conclusions: highlights familial predisposition, sedentary behavior, poor diet, disturbances, hypertension as contributors young Pakistani adults. Early screening targeted interventions are urgently needed mitigate this escalating epidemic.

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Role of Secondary Metabolites in Neurodegenerative and Inflammatory Diseases, Mechanisms, and Potential Applications

IGI Global eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 129 - 192

Published: May 16, 2025

Secondary metabolites, bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, and microorganisms, show significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative inflammatory diseases. This chapter highlights their mechanisms of action, including antioxidant activity, modulation pathways, neuroprotection, supported by preclinical clinical evidence. Key classes like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols are explored neuroprotective anti-inflammatory properties, alongside phytochemical sources that emphasize drug discovery potential. However, challenges such as limited bioavailability, stability, toxicity hinder application. Addressing these issues through novel strategies could unlock full in modern medicine. bridges natural product chemistry applications, providing insights to inspire further research into secondary metabolites essential tools combating complex

Language: Английский

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Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Insulin Resistance and Preventing type 2 Diabetes in Asia Pacific Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Current Diabetes Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 207 - 215

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review To update the evidence lifestyle interventions for prevention type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) in adults, particularly Asia Pacific region. The key questions to ask are: 1) How effective are preventing T2DM among at-risk adults Region? 2)What characteristics implementation prevention? Recent Findings Lifestyle have been suggested be effective. There is ethnic differences some glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes. Summary meta-analysis a significant result reducing waist circumference (standardised mean difference − 019, 95%CI ( -0.31, -0.06)), no effects other However, outcomes intervention might cost-effective sustainable approach countries Region. focus Region should not only lie effectiveness trial but thorough evaluation outcomes, as well cultural adaptations, with support all stakeholders through stages implementation.

Language: Английский

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