The Child Opportunity Index and Children’s Health: A Meta-Analysis

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

CONTEXT Quantifying the impact of place on pediatric health is difficult given diverse methodologies used to measure place-based social determinants. However, Child Opportunity Index (COI) increasingly study these relationships. OBJECTIVE To synthesize associations between COI and health. DATA SOURCES Fifteen databases, 4 gray literature sources, diversitydatakids.org searched from 2014 2024. STUDY SELECTION US-based observational studies that evaluated children, COI, at least 1 outcome. EXTRACTION Protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023418407). Random-effects models created pooled odds ratios (ORs) comparing very low/low high/very high for mortality, emergency department (ED) use, hospital use. Clinically relevant subgroups were explored. RESULTS Most (n = 61 85; 72%) reported inverse an adverse Lower was associated higher mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.31–1.94; tau squared [τ2] 0.045; 15 13 studies). Overall, ED visits similar 1.38; 0.97–1.95; τ2 0.312; 10 6 studies), but subgroup all-cause significantly among children lower 1.66; 1.19–2.31; 0.198; 7 5 Select hospitalization (medical, surgical/trauma, >30-day rehospitalizations) not overall hospitalizations 1.15; 0.96–1.36; 0.090; 12 LIMITATIONS Meta-analyses unadjusted. CONCLUSIONS Place a risk factor children’s select measures care Shifting focus identifying disparities cocreating community-engaged strategies mitigate may effectively advance equity.

Language: Английский

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The protective role of community cohesion across rural and urban contexts: implications for youth mental health

Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 28, 2025

Background Exposure to adversity (e.g., negative life events) and socioeconomic disadvantage can increase the risk for internalizing externalizing symptoms, but many youth demonstrate resilience. Risk protective factors may vary depending on geographic contexts (i.e., urban vs. rural areas). We hypothesized that community cohesion would mitigate effects of mental health especially among communities. Method Data were drawn from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development ( ABCD ) Study n = 10,812), a longitudinal study in United States. At baseline (9–10 years old), neighborhood was measured with Area Deprivation Index, reported total number events they had experienced. 2‐year follow‐up, caregivers within their community, at 3‐year child's symptomatology. A multiple‐group path model used compare living versus areas. Results In subsample, results indicated significant interaction between β −.03, p .004), such higher associated (but not internalizing) symptomatology low medium, high, levels cohesion. identified similar patterns neared conventional significance thresholds −.09, .052). There no adversity. Conclusions Community serve as factor experiencing by mitigating symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms During Adolescence: The Protective Roles of Adolescent and Family Assets Within ECHO's Diverse National Population

Mental Health Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

To understand the factors that preserve mental health amongst a diverse population of adolescents, we examined links between neighborhood-level resources, adolescents' self-reported personal assets (low perceived stress, meaning and purpose, life satisfaction), parent-reported family (household income, maternal health) depressive anxiety symptoms. Participants included racially ethnically national sample 4325 adolescents (10 - 21 years) from Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Neighborhood-level resources were not directly associated with or However, higher levels related to lower symptoms, regardless neighborhood (ß's: -.09 .55). Last, high compensated for absence one asset low stress. For stress just .17 SD above mean, negatively Findings did vary across racial ethnic groups. Results support development building endeavors bolster positive child in families reduce disparities. Implications programs seek promote minoritized youth are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood opportunity and residential instability: associations with mental health in middle childhood

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Background Neighborhood quality may contribute to child mental health, but families with young children often move, and residential instability has also been tied adverse health. This study's primary goal was disentangle the effects of neighborhood from those on health in middle childhood. Methods 1,946 1,652 Upstate KIDS cohort New York state, US, were followed prospectively birth age 10. Residential addresses linked at census tract level Child Opportunity Index 2.0, a multidimensional indicator quality. The number different reported 10 counted indicate instability, change COI quintile indicated social mobility. Parents completed three assessments attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, problematic behavior, internalizing psychopathology symptoms ages 7, 8, family covariates selected priori adjust sample characteristics, increase estimate precision, account for potential confounding. Results In unadjusted models, higher associated fewer childhood, associations largely mediated by instability. adjusted more symptoms, even accounting had indirect through Conclusions Children born into lower‐quality neighborhoods moved more, moving symptoms. Findings similar across timings moves, girls boys, who did not experience major life event. Additional research is needed better understand which aspects are most disruptive children.

Language: Английский

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The Childhood Opportunity Index 2.0: Factor Structure in 9–10 Year Olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 228 - 228

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

The built physical and social environments are critical drivers of child neural cognitive development. This study aimed to identify the factor structure correlates 29 environmental, education, socioeconomic indicators neighborhood resources as measured by Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI 2.0) in a sample youths aged 9–10 enrolled Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. used baseline data ABCD Study (n = 9767, ages 9–10). We structural equation modeling investigate variables (e.g., quality including access early health insurance, walkability). externally validated these factors with measures psychopathology, impulsivity, behavioral activation inhibition. Exploratory analyses identified four factors: Neighborhood Enrichment, Socioeconomic Attainment, Education, Poverty Level. Attainment Education were associated overall reduced impulsivity system, whereas increased Level was externalizing symptoms, an aspects impulsivity. Distinct dimensions opportunity differentially approach, suggesting that may have unique impact on neurodevelopment cognition. can help inform future public efforts policy about improving natural environmental structures aid supporting emotional development downstream behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Parental History of Major Depressive Disorder Moderates the Relation Between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Reward Responsiveness in Children

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Characterizing Social Communication Difficulties in Young Children within a Longitudinal Ecological Systems Framework

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Abstract Social communication difficulties are a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. However, few studies have examined prospective social in young children within an ecological systems framework. Our sample was 251 parent–child dyads assessed during pregnancy, postpartum, and toddlerhood (child ages 1 2). We leveraged observer ratings of child behavior, parent-reported questionnaires, geocoded data. factors at 2, including the level (gestational age), family (household income, maternal mental health, maternal-child bonding), neighborhood (neighborhood resources). Fewer resources were associated with more age 1, but only among impaired bonding. Lower gestational age, lower household bonding 2. also related to specifically families low incomes. Findings provide insight into who may benefit from early intervention reduce psychopathology across systems, efforts target poverty.

Language: Английский

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The association between four neighborhood disadvantage indices and child chronic health classifications

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 27, 2025

Abstract Background Neighborhood advantage/disadvantage is a social determinant of health. We aimed to examine the distribution and associations between child chronic health conditions four commonly used indices. Methods Children with outpatient visits valid addresses ( n = 115,738) were included outcomes categorized as having no disease (N-CD), non-complex (NC-CD), complex (C-CD). Four measures neighborhood characteristics (Child Opportunity Index, Area Deprivation Disadvantage Social Vulnerability Index calculated from census data. Separate multinomial logistic regression models used. Results The indices’ scores correlated r 0.80–0.92). in low opportunity or high disadvantage/deprivation/vulnerability neighborhoods more likely be diagnosed C-CD than those neighborhoods. increased odds ranged 5% 39%. adjusted NC-CD found increase by 8–31% declined increased, across all association grew stronger decreased, for indicators. Conclusions Each instrument was associated medical complexity classifications, but magnitude differed slightly. rationale choosing measure should based on study’s aims population. Impact This study evaluates indices classifications. All outcomes. (ADI) Child (COI) demonstrated incremental increases receiving classification (C-CD) compared (N-CD) decreased increased. Being classified (NC-CD) N-CD, only COI incrementally at each level opportunity. Study index must considered when designing studies.

Language: Английский

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An examination of early socioeconomic status and neighborhood disadvantage as independent predictors of antisocial behavior: A longitudinal adoption study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e0301765 - e0301765

Published: April 29, 2024

The present study examined early socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood disadvantage (ND) as independent predictors of antisocial behavior (ASB) addressed the etiology associations (i.e., genes versus environment) using a longitudinal adoption design. Prospective data from Colorado Adoption Project (435 adoptees, 598 nonadopted children, 526 biological grandparents 481 adoptive parents, 617 nonadoptive parents including unrelated siblings adoptees) were examined. SES ND assessed during infancy ASB was evaluated ages four through 16 parent teacher report. Associations between compared across families sex. Early nominally significant, predictor ASB, such that lower predicted higher levels in only. not associated with ASB. consistent aggression delinquency, neither nor change over time. Nominally significant did remain after controlling for multiple testing. As such, despite nonsignificant differences sex or status, we unable to make definitive conclusions regarding genetic environmental influence on Despite inconclusive findings, nonadoptees, results consistent—in effect size direction—with previous studies literature indicating is increased risk

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood‐Level Deprivation Impacts Graft and Patient Outcomes Among Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients

Pediatric Transplantation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(8)

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

ABSTRACT Background The impact of social determinants health (SDOH) on pediatric liver transplant outcomes has not been extensively investigated. purpose this study was to examine the effect neighborhood‐level deprivation graft and patient survival among recipients. Methods This is a single‐center observational children who received primary from March 1996 2023. Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) score used measure degree neighborhood deprivation. Results A total 252 were included, half (52.8%) female majority non‐Hispanic White (71%). Half (53.6%) had private insurance, median COI 64. 28 transplanted very low‐to‐low area. Children in areas worse (HR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.41–17.04, p 0.01) 3.41, 1.19–9.75, 0.02) compared moderate‐to‐very high when adjusting for clinical characteristics. remained significant predictor after race insurance type 1.12–10.40, 0.03). Conclusions Pediatric recipients have accounting factors, race/ethnicity, status. Future research should investigate multiple, intersecting SDOH rather than solely collection isolated variables.

Language: Английский

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