Prevention of cardiorenal complications in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 338 - 353

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological Support for the Treatment of Obesity—Present and Future

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 433 - 433

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Obesity is a growing civilization problem, associated with number of negative health consequences affecting almost all tissues and organs. Currently, obesity treatment includes lifestyle modifications (including diet exercise), pharmacologic therapies, in some clinical situations, bariatric surgery. These treatments seem to be the most effective method supporting obesity. However, they are many limitations options, both for practitioners patients. Often comorbidities, cost, age patient, even geographic locations may influence choices. The pharmacotherapy fast-growing market. we have at our disposal drugs various mechanisms action (directly reducing absorption calories-orlistat, acting centrally-bupropion naltrexone, phentermine topiramate, or multidirectional-liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide). whose weight-reducing effect used course other diseases (e.g., glucose-sodium cotransporter inhibitors, exenatide) also worth mentioning. focusing on novel therapeutic agents improved safety efficacy profiles. trends include an assessment usefulness properties previously diseases. presented paper overview studies related currently those undergoing trials, taking into account individual approach patient.

Language: Английский

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Postoperative Osteoporosis in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1302 - 1302

Published: March 7, 2023

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic accompanied by adverse health effects. The limited efficiency of traditional weight reduction regimens led to substantial increase in the use bariatric surgery. Today, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) are most used procedures. present narrative review focuses on risk developing postoperative osteoporosis summarizes some relevant micronutrient deficiencies associated with RYGB SG. Preoperatively, dietary habits obese individuals might lead precipitated vitamin D other nutrients affecting bone mineral metabolism. Bariatric surgery SG or can aggravate these deficiencies. various surgical procedures appear affect nutrient absorption differently. Being purely restrictive, may particularly B12 also D. In contrast, more profound impact fat-soluble vitamins nutrients, although both methods induce only mild protein deficiency. Despite adequate supplementation calcium D, still occur after This be due micronutrients, e.g., K zinc. Regular follow-ups individual assessments nutritional advice indispensable prevent issues.

Language: Английский

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LLL 44 – Module 3: Micronutrients in Chronic disease

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 285 - 295

Published: June 4, 2024

Summary

Micronutrients (MN), i.e. trace elements and vitamins, are essential organic molecules, which required in the diet relatively small amounts any form of nutrition (oral, enteral, parenteral). The probability MN depletion or deficiencies should be considered all chronic illnesses, especially those that can interfere with intake, digestion, intestinal absorption. Low socio-economic status food deprivation recognized as most prevalent reasons for world-wide. Elderly multimorbid patients multimodal therapy, well long-lasting menu restrictions, at high risk both disease related malnutrition multiple deficiencies, needing careful specific follow-up. importance monitoring blood levels along CRP is optimal care. Drug interactions also highlighted. In conditions depending on medical provision adequate dietary reference intakes (DRI) doses their adequacy belongs to standard

Language: Английский

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Musculoskeletal effects of obesity and bariatric surgery – a narrative review

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66(5), P. 621 - 632

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Obesity affects several areas of the human body, leading to increased morbidity and mortality likelihood other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases musculoskeletal disorders. These conditions predispose bone fractures sarcopenic obesity, defined by presence an obesity-associated decrease in muscle mass strength. Both fragility obesity disease are consequences factors, a low degree chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, [...]

Language: Английский

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Bariatric surgery is associated with increased mechanical complications and revision following total shoulder arthroplasty

Seminars in Arthroplasty JSES, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 290 - 296

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Secondary osteoporosis

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Femoral Fracture in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Data from the Literature

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 601 - 601

Published: April 4, 2025

Background: Orthopedic trauma during pregnancy is a rare yet complex medical challenge, impacting both maternal and fetal health. Among these, femoral fractures are particularly uncommon but require careful management to minimize risks. Methods: We report the case of 28-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 40 weeks gestation, who sustained left mid-femoral diaphyseal fracture following low-energy fall. A multidisciplinary team approach, including obstetric, orthopedic, anesthetic, neonatal specialists, was employed. Preoperative imaging by X-ray performed under lead-apron protection. The patient underwent an emergency C-section, followed closed reduction internal fixation with intramedullary nail. Results: surgical intervention successful, minimal radiation exposure. Postoperative included thromboprophylaxis, calcium, vitamin D supplementation, physiotherapy. recovered well, achieving healing within three months. Postpartum bone density assessment recommended, suspecting pregnancy- lactation-associated osteoporosis. Conclusions: Managing necessitates balance between well-being. collaborative, approach ensures optimal outcomes. Early intervention, proper precautions, postpartum health crucial in these cases. Further research needed understand risk factors preventive strategies for pregnancy-associated

Language: Английский

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Impact of bariatric surgery on vitamin D metabolism and micronutrient deficiencies in severe obesity

Medicine in Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100207 - 100207

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bridging the Gap: Pregnancy—And Lactation—Associated Osteoporosis

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1615 - 1615

Published: May 3, 2023

Early diagnosis of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is mandatory for a good outcome. Standard care not matter conventional guidelines, rather it requires an individualized strategy while true overall incidence pathogeny remain open issues. This narrative review based on full-length English articles, published between January 2021 March 2023 accessed via PubMed (no traumatic fractures or secondary are included). Our case-sample-based analysis included 836 females with PLO (the largest cohort cases so far) through 12 studies 24 single case reports. Except one survey, these involved retrospective cohorts small size (6–10 females/study) to medium (23–47 women/study), large >50 subjects per study (a maximum 379). Age diagnosis: from 40 years reports (most being over 30 primigravida), original indicated average age 31 34.18 years. Type underlined most frequent vertebral phenotype mean 2 5.8 patient) versus severe non-vertebral (hip femoral neck mostly requiring surgery). Potential contributors varied: smoking (1/3–1/2 subjects), family history (1/3), heparin glucocorticoid use in pregnancy, low body mass index (majority cases), hypovitaminosis D; (with level statistical significance) anti-psychotic medication, gestational diabetes, lupus, thrombophilia, anemia, vitro fertilization (1/3 study), twin tocolysis MgSO4, postpartum thyroiditis. Most remarkably, up 50% patients harbor mutations LRP5, WNT1, COL1A1/A2 (more damaged form potential benefits osteoanabolic drugs); gene testing might become the new norm PLO. The clinical suspicion should be supported by performing magnetic resonance imaging (gold standard pregnancy) DXA (in lactation). Low bone mineral density expected (Z-score varying −2.2 SD −4 SD, unless normal which does exclude PLO). Bone turnover markers useful individuals DXA, pregnancy when cannot performed, following response anti-osteoporosis drugs. Alternatively, microarchitecture damage reflected DXA-trabecular score high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Specific medical interventions currently focused teriparatide (TPT) (3 studies; n = 99 treated TPT additional subgroup 18 gene-analysis-based study, thus total 117 females) seems therapy choice as data: 6–24 months, 20 µg/day, no sequential needed; selection high fracture risk necessary). first using romosozumab was reported 2022. PAO/LAO remains challenging condition battle wellbeing two individuals, hand, considering maternal-fetal outcomes taking offspring, but multidisciplinary team, other since standardized approach lacking.

Language: Английский

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