Polysaccharides,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(3), P. 241 - 287
Published: July 13, 2024
Exopolysaccharides
(EPSs)
are
a
diverse
class
of
biopolymers
synthesized
by
microorganisms
under
environmental
stress
conditions,
such
as
pH,
temperature,
light
intensity,
and
salinity.
They
offer
biodegradable
environmentally
friendly
alternatives
to
synthetic
polymers.
Their
structural
versatility
functional
properties
make
them
unique
in
various
industries,
including
food,
pharmaceuticals,
biomedicine,
cosmetics,
textiles,
petroleum,
remediation.
In
this
way,
among
the
well-known
EPSs,
homopolysaccharides
like
dextran,
bacterial
cellulose,
curdlan,
levan,
well
heteropolysaccharides
xanthan
gum,
alginate,
gellan,
kefiran,
have
found
widespread
applications
numerous
fields.
However,
recent
attention
has
focused
on
potential
role
extremophile
bacteria
producing
EPSs
with
novel
unusual
protective
biological
features
extreme
conditions.
Therefore,
review
provides
an
overview
commonly
employed
EPSs.
It
emphasizes
their
importance
industries
scientific
endeavors
while
highlighting
raised
interest
exploring
compositions,
structures,
properties,
underexplored
functionalities.
Nevertheless,
despite
benefits
challenges
persist.
Hence,
discusses
these
challenges,
explores
opportunities,
outlines
future
directions,
focusing
impact
developing
innovative,
sustainable,
materials.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
36(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This
work
presents
the
synthesis
of
a
polymeric
nanosystem
from
poly(ethylene
glycol)
methyl
ether
methacrylate
(PEGMEMA)
brushes
anchored
on
polydopamine
nanoparticles
(PDA@PEGMEMA)
via
surface‐initiated
ARGET
ATRP
technique.
The
PDA
nanoparticle
was
prepared
by
polymerizing
dopamine
in
an
aqueous
buffer
solution
tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine.
Then,
surface
modified
lysine
to
form
effective
group
surface,
which
can
be
easily
with
polymers
for
drug
delivery
application.
Besides
that,
behavior
anticancer
doxorubicin
(DOX)
uptake/release
loaded
system
PDA@PEGMEMA,
showed
conjugation
efficiency
52%,
and
its
effect
cancer
cells
have
been
investigated.
successful
confirmed
SEM,
size
distribution
300–400
nm.
Poly(ethylene
successfully
conjugated
PDA,
investigated
FTIR,
DLS,
XPS.
In
vitro
studies,
exhibit
excellent
biocompatibility,
controlled
release,
enhanced
DOX
therapeutic
efficacy
(caco‐2)
cell
lines,
makes
them
promising
candidates
as
treatment.
Journal of Fungi,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 305 - 305
Published: April 11, 2025
The
pathogen
Alternaria
alternata
infects
a
variety
of
plants
and
crops,
notably
poplars,
results
in
large
financial
losses.
Using
twelve
chemical
fungicides
for
fungicide
sensitivity
tests
(FSTs)
on
A.
alternata,
the
result
showed
that
prochloraz
(PCZ),
mancozeb
(MZ),
fludioxonil
(FLU)
have
potent
inhibitory
effects
against
through
different
mechanisms.
To
investigate
how
responded
to
fungicide-induced
stress,
transcriptome
physiological
investigations
were
carried
out
after
treatments
with
three
at
their
corresponding
50%
effective
concentration
(EC50)
doses.
MZ
treatment
produced
distinct
genetic
response;
FLU
greatest
number
differentially
expressed
genes
(DEGs),
followed
by
PCZ.
DEGs
from
mostly
engaged
ribosome
biosynthesis,
those
lipid
carbohydrate
metabolism,
PCZ
according
Gene
Ontology
(GO)
analysis.
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
(KEGG)
pathway
enrichment
analysis
revealed
associated
biogenesis,
whereas
was
linked
pyruvate
metabolic
pathway.
Collinear
trend
indicates
exhibits
unique
pattern,
causing
most
significant
overexpression
genes,
six
categories
88
elevated
fungal
resistance
include
tyrosinase,
ATP-binding
cassette
(ABC)
transporters,
major
facilitator
superfamily
(MFS)
antioxidant
cellular
resilience
as
well
involved
cell
wall
membrane
biosynthesis.
Notably,
pathways
synthesis
melanin
ergosterol
exhibited
strongest
response
FLU.
correlation
between
indices
resistance-related
indicated
content,
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
tyrosinase
activity
positively
correlated
majority
DEGs,
soluble
protein
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
activity,
catalase
(CAT)
negatively
correlated,
which
is
consistent
observed
trends
measured
indicators.
Taken
together,
this
study
provides
theoretical
basis
developing
more
control
strategies
alternata.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(18), P. 7115 - 7125
Published: April 19, 2024
Melanin
is
a
widely
occurring
biopolymer
and
has
been
the
subject
of
much
research,
especially
in
dermatology.
However,
from
resource
perspective,
melanin
still
an
unutilized
biomass
because
its
complex
three-dimensional
cross-linked
structure,
which
makes
it
challenging
to
handle.
Here,
we
demonstrate
upcycling
by
decomposing
preparing
polymeric
materials
products.
A
detailed
study
chemical
decomposition
products
artificial
melanin,
i.e.,
polydopamine,
reveals
that
are
mainly
oligomeric
pyrrole
derivatives
containing
carboxylic
acids.
Furthermore,
experiments
using
natural
extracted
cuttlefish
ink
revealed
composition
almost
identical
regardless
source.
We
proposed
mechanism
demonstrated
preparation
biobased
polymer
films
particles
The
use
as
building
blocks
for
material
expected
lead
development
new
biodegradable
polymers
biomass.
Trends in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 1, 2024
Melanized
root-associated
fungi
are
a
group
of
that
produce
melanized
structures
and
form
root
associations,
including
different
mycorrhizal
endophytic
symbioses
with
plants.
They
pervasive
across
terrestrial
ecosystems
play
an
important
role
in
the
prevailing
soil
carbon
(C)
nutrient
cycling
syndromes
through
direct
indirect
mechanisms,
where
they
may
strongly
modulate
plant–microbe
interactions
structure
microbiomes.
Furthermore,
can
confer
on
plants
enhanced
ability
to
tolerate
abiotic
biotic
stressors
such
as
drought,
extreme
temperatures,
heavy
metals,
pathogen
attacks.
We
propose
cohesive
ecologically
relevant
grouping
be
indicator
plant–soil
system
functioning,
considering
them
will
advance
research
interactions.
Frontiers in Fungal Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: May 15, 2024
Introducion
Fungal
melanin
is
an
underexplored
natural
biomaterial
of
great
biotechnological
interest
in
different
areas.
This
study
investigated
the
physical,
chemical,
electrochemical,
and
metal-binding
properties
extracted
from
metallotolerant
black
fungus
Exophiala
mesophila
strain
IRTA-M2-F10.
Materials
methods
Specific
inhibitory
studies
with
tricyclazole
biochemical
profiling
whole
cells
by
synchrotron
radiation-based
Fourier-transform
infrared
spectral
microscopy
(SR-FTIRM)
were
performed.
An
optimized
extraction
protocol
was
implemented,
purified
fungal
characterized
using
array
spectrophotometric
techniques
(UV-Vis,
FTIR,
EPR)
cyclic
voltammetry
(CV)
experiments.
The
capacity
extracts
also
assessed
Cr(VI)
as
a
model
heavy
metal.
Results
Inhibitory
indicated
that
1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene
may
be
main
precursor
molecule
E.
(DHN-melanin).
characterization
benchmarked
against
those
two
melanins
comprising
L-3,4-dihydroxiphenylalanine
(DOPA-melanin):
ink
cephalopod
Sepia
officinalis
DOPA-melanin
synthesized
laboratory.
CV
results
incubated
without
cell
suspensions
electroconductive
bacterium
Geobacter
sulfurreducens
indicative
novel
semiquinone/hydroquinone
redox
transformations
specific
for
each
type.
These
interactions
play
important
role
cation
exchange
adsorption
metals
microbial
interspecies
electron
transfer
processes.
Discussion
obtained
provided
further
evidence
DHN-nature
melanin.
FTIR
exposed
to
Cr(VI),
compared
unexposed
melanin,
resulted
useful
information
on
distinct
surface-binding
parameters
Langmuir
Freundlicht
isotherms
determined
bibliographic
data.
Altogether,
inherent
suggest
its
promising
potential
environmental
applications.
