Biochemical Society Transactions,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
50(5), P. 1341 - 1352
Published: Oct. 25, 2022
Extracellular
signal-related
kinases
1
and
2
(ERK1/2)
are
the
final
components
of
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK)
phosphorylation
cascade,
an
integral
module
in
a
diverse
array
signalling
pathways
for
shaping
cell
behaviour
fate.
More
recently,
studies
have
shown
that
ERK1/2
plays
essential
role
downstream
immune
receptors
to
elicit
inflammatory
gene
expression
response
infection
or
tissue
damage.
Much
this
work
has
studied
activation
Toll-like
receptor
(TLR)
pathways,
providing
mechanistic
insights
into
its
recruitment,
compartmentalisation
cells
innate
system.
In
review,
we
summarise
typical
growth
factor
before
discussing
known
roles
with
focus
TLRs.
We
examine
emerging
research
uncovering
evidence
dysfunctional
diseases
discuss
potential
therapeutic
benefit
targeting
inflammation.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: March 20, 2020
Abstract
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
among
the
most
lethal
and
prevalent
malignancies
in
world
was
responsible
for
nearly
881,000
cancer-related
deaths
2018.
Surgery
chemotherapy
have
long
been
first
choices
patients.
However,
prognosis
of
CRC
has
never
satisfying,
especially
patients
with
metastatic
lesions.
Targeted
therapy
a
new
optional
approach
that
successfully
prolonged
overall
survival
Following
successes
anti-EGFR
(epidermal
growth
factor
receptor)
agent
cetuximab
anti-angiogenesis
bevacizumab,
agents
blocking
different
critical
pathways
as
well
immune
checkpoints
are
emerging
at
an
unprecedented
rate.
Guidelines
worldwide
currently
updating
recommended
targeted
drugs
on
basis
increasing
number
high-quality
clinical
trials.
This
review
provides
overview
existing
CRC-targeted
their
underlying
mechanisms,
discussion
limitations
future
trends.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: July 10, 2019
Stroke,
the
third
leading
cause
of
death
and
disability
worldwide,
is
undergoing
a
change
in
perspective
with
emergence
new
ideas
on
neurodegeneration.
The
concept
that
stroke
disorder
solely
blood
vessels
has
been
expanded
to
include
effects
detrimental
interaction
between
glia,
neurons,
vascular
cells,
matrix
components,
which
collectively
referred
as
neurovascular
unit.
Following
acute
stroke,
majority
are
ischemic,
there
secondary
neuroinflammation
both
promotes
further
injury,
resulting
cell
death,
but
conversely
plays
beneficial
role,
by
promoting
recovery.
proinflammatory
signals
from
immune
mediators
rapidly
activate
resident
cells
influence
infiltration
wide
range
inflammatory
(neutrophils,
monocytes/macrophages,
different
subtypes
T
other
cells)
into
ischemic
region
exacerbating
brain
damage.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
how
well
roles
recent
therapeutic
strategies
combat
pathological
responses.
Here,
also
focus
time-dependent
entry
area
impact
mediators,
including
oxidative
stress,
excitotoxicity,
metalloproteinases
(MMPs),
high-mobility
group
box
1
(HMGB1),
arachidonic
acid
metabolites,
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK),
post-translational
modifications
could
potentially
perpetuate
damage
after
injury.
Understanding
role
factors
help
developing
diagnostic,
prognostic,
neuroprotective
for
post-stroke
inflammation.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: July 6, 2022
Abstract
Ischemic
stroke
is
caused
primarily
by
an
interruption
in
cerebral
blood
flow,
which
induces
severe
neural
injuries,
and
one
of
the
leading
causes
death
disability
worldwide.
Thus,
it
great
necessity
to
further
detailly
elucidate
mechanisms
ischemic
find
out
new
therapies
against
disease.
In
recent
years,
efforts
have
been
made
understand
pathophysiology
stroke,
including
cellular
excitotoxicity,
oxidative
stress,
cell
processes,
neuroinflammation.
meantime,
a
plethora
signaling
pathways,
either
detrimental
or
neuroprotective,
are
also
highly
involved
forementioned
pathophysiology.
These
pathways
closely
intertwined
form
complex
network.
Also,
these
reveal
therapeutic
potential,
as
targeting
could
possibly
serve
approaches
stroke.
this
review,
we
describe
categorize
them
based
on
pathophysiological
processes
they
participate
in.
Therapeutic
associated
with
mentioned
above,
discussed.
Meanwhile,
clinical
trials
regarding
potentially
target
involved,
summarized
details.
Conclusively,
review
elucidated
potential
molecular
related
underlying
summarize
targeted
various
pathophysiology,
particular
reference
future
prospects
for
treating
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
19(8), P. 2155 - 2155
Published: July 24, 2018
Interleukin-1
beta
(IL-1β)
is
induced
by
inflammatory
signals
in
a
broad
number
of
immune
cell
types.
IL-1β
(and
IL-18)
are
the
only
cytokines
which
processed
caspase-1
after
inflammasome-mediated
activation.
This
review
aims
to
summarize
current
knowledge
about
parameters
regulation
expression
and
its
multi-facetted
role
pathophysiological
conditions.
IL-1
signaling
activates
innate
cells
including
antigen
presenting
cells,
drives
polarization
CD4+
T
towards
helper
type
(Th)
1
Th17
cells.
Therefore,
has
been
attributed
largely
beneficial
resolving
acute
inflammations,
initiating
adaptive
anti-tumor
responses.
However,
generated
course
chronic
inflammation
supports
tumor
development.
Furthermore,
within
microenvironment
predominantly
tumor-infiltrating
macrophages
promotes
growth
metastasis
via
different
mechanisms.
These
include
targets
promote
neoangiogenesis
soluble
mediators
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
that
evoke
antiapoptotic
Moreover,
propagation
myeloid-derived
suppressor
Using
genetic
mouse
models
as
well
agents
for
pharmacological
inhibition
therapeutically
applied
treatment
associated
autoimmune
diseases
indicate
driver
induction
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 973 - 985
Published: Feb. 26, 2019
The
objective
was
to
investigate
the
effect
of
kinsenoside
(Kin)
treatments
on
macrophage
polarity
and
evaluate
resulting
protection
chondrocytes
attenuate
osteoarthritis
(OA)
progression.
RAW264.7
macrophages
were
polarized
M1/M2
subtypes
then
administered
with
different
concentrations
Kin.
polarization
transitions
evaluated
quantitative
real-time
polymerase
chain
reaction
(qRT-PCR),
confocal
observation
flow
cytometry
analysis.
mechanism
Kin
repolarizing
M1
by
Western
blot.
Further,
conditioned
medium
(CM)
IL-1β
chondrocytes.
Micro-CT
scanning
histological
observations
conducted
in
vivo
anterior
cruciate
ligament
transection
(ACLT)
mice
or
without
treatment.
We
found
that
repolarized
M2
phenotype.
Mechanistically,
inhibited
phosphorylation
IκBα,
which
further
reduced
downstream
P65
nuclear
factor-κB
(NF-κB)
signaling.
Moreover,
mitogen-activated
protein
kinases
(MAPK)
signaling
molecules
p-JNK,
p-ERK
p-P38.
Additionally,
attenuated
CM
IL-1β-induced
chondrocyte
damage.
In
vivo,
infiltration
macrophages,
promoted
synovium,
subchondral
bone
destruction
articular
cartilage
damage
induced
ACLT.
All
results
indicated
is
an
effective
therapeutic
candidate
for
OA
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
2020, P. 1 - 19
Published: Sept. 16, 2020
Sirtuins
are
the
class
III
of
histone
deacetylases
whose
deacetylate
histones
is
dependent
on
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+).
Among
seven
sirtuins,
SIRT1
plays
a
critical
role
in
modulating
wide
range
physiological
processes,
including
apoptosis,
DNA
repair,
inflammatory
response,
metabolism,
cancer,
and
stress.
Neuroinflammation
associated
with
many
neurological
diseases,
ischemic
stroke,
bacterial
infections,
traumatic
brain
injury,
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD).
Recently,
numerous
studies
indicate
protective
effects
neuroinflammation-related
diseases.
Here,
we
review
latest
progress
regarding
anti-inflammatory
neuroprotective
SIRT1.
First,
introduce
structure,
catalytic
mechanism,
functions
Next,
discuss
molecular
mechanisms
regulation
neuroinflammation.
Finally,
analyze
several
common
neuroinflammation-associated
such
as
cerebral
ischemia,
spinal
cord
AD,
PD.
Taken
together,
this
information
implies
that
may
serve
promising
therapeutic
target
for
treatment
disorders.
