Dysregulation of transposable elements and PIWI-interacting RNAs in myelodysplastic neoplasms

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract Background Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and genome instability. Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) is an important source instability leading to oncogenesis, whereas small PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) act as cellular suppressors TEs. However, the roles TEs piRNAs in MDS remain unclear. Methods In this study, we examined TE piRNA expression through parallel RNA sequencing CD34+ stem cells from patients. Results Comparative analysis between control samples revealed several significantly dysregulated molecules. significant differences were observed lower-risk (LR-MDS) higher-risk (HR-MDS) samples. HR-MDS, found inverse correlation decreased levels increased these associated with patient outcomes. Importantly, upregulation PIWIL2 , which encodes a key factor pathway, independently predicted poor prognosis patients, underscoring its potential valuable disease marker. Furthermore, pathway data that dysregulation TE‒piRNA axis linked suppression processes related energy metabolism, cell cycle, immune response, suggesting disruptions affect activity. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate HR-MDS highlighting their role progression indicating level promising molecular marker for prognosis. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive insights and In silico analysis into the emerging role of LincRNAs in lung diseases pathogenesis; a step toward ncRNA precision

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of gene expression, significantly influencing various biological processes. Approximately half all lncRNAs are classified long intergenic (lincRNAs), which situated among coding genes. Recent studies documented the role lincRNAs in pathogenesis lung diseases, including cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and arterial hypertension. These can modulate expression through mechanisms, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation. By functioning competing endogenous (ceRNAs), affect activity microRNAs (miRNAs) their corresponding target This review delves into intricate mechanisms by contribute to development progression diseases. Furthermore, it discusses potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms governing X-chromosome-linked-miRNAs expression in cancer; a step-toward ncRNA precision

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 138773 - 138773

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Machine-learning diagnostics of breast cancer using piRNA biomarkers

Biomarkers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 21

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Prior studies have shown that small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are associated with cancer occurrence or development. Recently, a newly discovered class of ncRNAs known as PIWI-interacting (piRNAs) been found to play vital role in physiological processes and initiation. This study aims utilize piRNAs innovative, noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Our objective is develop computational methods leverage piRNA attributes prediction its application diagnostics. We created set sequence descriptors using information extracted from the sequences. To ensure accuracy, we path convert non-standard standard names enable precise identification these Using descriptors, applied machine-learning (ML) techniques WEKA (Waikato Environment Knowledge Analysis) dataset assess predictive accuracy following classifiers: Logistic Regression model, Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), Random Forest classifier, Model Tree (LMT). Furthermore, performed Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) Analysis understand which were most relevant accuracy. The ML models then validated on an independent evaluate their effectiveness predicting top three performing classifiers Regression, SMO, LMT. model achieved 90.7% cancer, while SMO LMT attained 89.7% 85.65%, respectively. demonstrates ML-based diagnosing contributes growing body evidence supporting diagnosis. However, additional research needed validate findings further clinical applicability this approach.

Language: Английский

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piRNAs and circRNAs acting as diagnostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

The discovery of diverse functions and mechanisms in cancer has underscored the significance emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as PIWI-interacting (piRNAs) circular (circRNAs), within clinical context cancer. Understanding their role clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is imperative necessitates comprehensive investigation. This study aims to further explore diagnostic potential piRNAs circRNAs for ccRCC. dysregulated ccRCC were identified using small RNA (sRNA) high-throughput sequencing technology, while expression samples was assessed by RT-qPCR. A paired t-test performed compare levels between adjacent tissues. Additionally, ROC curve analysis conducted evaluate specificity, sensitivity, area under (AUC) circRNAs. High-throughput revealed a significant downregulation 17 694 tissues, accompanied upregulation 5 490 RT-qPCR demonstrated markedly lower piR-has-150997, 133872, 132556, 154502, uniq-84737 group compared tissue (p < 0.05). When considering combined detection piR-hsa-150997, piR-hsa-133872, piR-hsa-132556, piR-hsa-154502, uniq_84737, circABCC1, circNETO2_006, circARID1B_037, AUC found be high at an approximate value = 0.878. performance uniq-84737, circARID1B_037 demonstrates promise model incorporating could serve ideal marker system with utility.

Language: Английский

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piR-38,736 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation by downregulating SMAD4 expression

Journal of Molecular Histology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play an important role in cancer development and progression. Although recent studies had advanced our understanding of the functions various piRNAs cancer, specific piR-38736 gastric remained poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate clinical significance underlying mechanisms cancer. found that was significantly upregulated cells tissues. Positive expression closely correlated with larger tumor size medium poor differentiation. Survival analysis revealed patients positive shorter survival times compared those negative expression. Knockdown markedly inhibited cell proliferation growth Furthermore, directly bind 3' untranslated region (UTR) SMAD4 mRNA, resulting significant downregulation at both mRNA protein levels upon overexpression piR-38,736. In conclusion, these findings indicate piR-38,736 promotes by downregulating may serve as a prognostic biomarker potential therapeutic target for Further are required fully elucidate explore its implications management.

Language: Английский

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The Regulatory Role of NcRNAs in Pyroptosis and Disease Pathogenesis

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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CircRNAs: Orchestrating Obesity, Thermogenesis, and Obesity-Associated Cancer Pathways

Interdisciplinary cancer research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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