A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery for Modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1868 - 1868

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in regulation autophagy, cellular mechanism vital for homeostasis through degradation damaged organelles and proteins. dysregulation this is significantly associated with cancer progression, metastasis, resistance to therapy. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling presents promising strategy treatment; however, traditional therapeutics frequently encounter issues related nonspecific distribution systemic toxicity. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent significant advancement addressing these limitations. Nanoparticles enhance bioavailability, stability, targeted therapeutic agents, facilitating precise modulation autophagy cells. Functionalized nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric metal-based nanocarriers, facilitate tumor tissues, minimizing off-target effects improving efficacy. These can deliver multiple agents concurrently, enhancing PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated oncogenic pathways. This review examines advancements nanoparticle-mediated that pathway, emphasizing their contribution precision side integration nanotechnology molecularly therapies substantial potential resistance. Future initiatives must prioritize optimization clinical translation patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

PFDN1 silencing disrupts critical cancer pathways in triple-negative breast cancer: investigating migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis as a new target therapy

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский