Research Status and Prospect of Amphibian Symbiotic Microbiota

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 934 - 934

Published: March 25, 2025

Amphibians are the most severely threatened vertebrate group in terms of biodiversity. The microbiota that coexist a mutualistic relationship with amphibians play crucial role shaping their health status, reproductive efficiency, and environmental adaptability. Understanding between is vital for elucidating causes amphibian diseases developing effective prevention control techniques, which turn significant enhancing effectiveness diversity conservation. main findings this article as follows: Firstly, it provides an overview systematic assessment analysis methods regarding importance symbiotic microbiota, detailing primary research techniques currently employed. Secondly, discusses impacts biological factors on characteristics microbial communities, including dimensions such altitude, temperature fluctuations, host dietary habits. Finally, future directions examined, five recommendations presented: (1) Establish comprehensive sample library database to create solid foundation scientific research. (2) Explore coevolutionary paths clarify dynamic evolutionary patterns principles interactions. (3) Strengthen specific areas amphibians, especially communities oral cavity cloaca. (4) Enhance Gymnophiona. (5) international cooperation build cross-border platforms jointly promote rapid development global microbiology. This summarizes current progress interaction (not necessarily mutualistic). It conservation biodiversity from perspective forward-looking directions. aims provide rich background information understanding complexity system, while also having value

Language: Английский

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Nutrient enrichment alters the microbiome and increases chytrid load in the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 27 - 34

Published: April 24, 2025

Agricultural practices have a profound impact on watershed dynamics, water quality, and the well-being of aquatic life. One major concern is agricultural pollution, particularly excess nutrients, which can elevate disease risks in various host-pathogen relationships. However, exact mechanisms driving this effect remain uncertain. Elevated nutrient levels are believed to significantly influence populations environmental bacteria, potentially reshaping microbiomes organisms affecting their vulnerability disease. Despite this, enrichment host as link diseases has been largely overlooked. In study, we investigated skin-associated microbial communities American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus . We observed significant shift bacterial richness community composition nutrient-enriched ponds compared with reference ponds. Although proportion inhibitory towards Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( B d ) did not change significantly, Bd loads were markedly higher Nutrient altered carbon utilization patterns measured by Biolog EcoPlates, antibiotic resistance was prevalent across all samples, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, chloramphenicol Our findings indicate that affects structure function bullfrogs, influencing both load resistance.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Naturally Occurring Bacteria on Embryonic and Larval Development of Common Toad Tadpoles

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 308 - 308

Published: March 19, 2025

Amphibians, as the most threatened group of vertebrates, are focus investigation various agents that could affect their fitness and survival. In this context, we examined effects naturally occurring bacteria combinations on embryonic larval development common toad tadpoles (Bufo bufo). One egg string was collected from wild disinfected in lab divided into short strings, each containing 20 eggs. These strings were exposed to three different control treatments, i.e., a sterile FETAX solution, water tadpoles’ native habitat, sterilized habitat water, well bacterial cultures isolated (Bacillus sp., Mesobacillus sp.). We analyzed several morphometric variables (snout–vent length, total weight), energy budget by measuring body composition (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), biomarker activity (acetylcholinesterase lactate dehydrogenase). Our results indicate microbial community had negative effect tadpole development, supported highest development. Additionally, when grown FETAX, pure decreased acetylcholinesterase but positively affected both size budget. findings suggest can influence toads modifying physiological traits. Future research should identify which microbes have beneficial or detrimental amphibian

Language: Английский

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Family shapes microbiome differences in Oklahoma salamanders

Frontiers in Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: March 13, 2024

Introduction Given the role of microbiomes in promoting host health and homeostasis, understanding factors shaping skin microbial communities wild vertebrates has become increasingly important conservation. This goal is even more pressing for amphibians, which multiple critical functions, pathogens currently decimating populations are linked to significant changes microbiomes. However, because also shaped by environmental ecological influences, as well phylogeny, it quantify these contributions microbiome structure presence infection. Methods To understand joint influence diverse microbiomes, we used 16S rRNA sequencing characterize six salamander species (families Plethodontidae Salamandridae) found Oklahoma contrasted effects infection status, ecology, environment (i.e., climate) on Results Differences at level family were main factor influencing diversity; however, did not detect a substantial phylogenetic signal. Instead, ecology driving differences among genera. Salamanders that tested positive fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) had slightly less than Bd-free animals, but no such associated with systemic pathogen ranavirus (RV). Discussion Together, results indicate nuanced relationship between number type microbes present them. By developing baseline assessment diversity richness focal species, this work provides foundation monitoring evaluating continue experience stressors diseases.

Language: Английский

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Differential Impact of Wildfire and Rice Straw Ash on the Skin Microbiota of Rana dybowskii Adults and Tadpoles

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 125470 - 125470

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ecological Factors and Anthropogenic Disturbance May Restructure the Skin Microbiota of Maoershan Hynobiids (Hynobius maoershanensis)

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 932 - 932

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Studies on the skin microbiota of amphibians in different disturbed habitats can clarify relationship between composition and environmental factors have practical implications for conservation endangered species. In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to profile Maoershan hynobiids (Hynobius maoershanensis). Our results illustrate that alpha diversity significantly differed among individuals higher anthropogenic disturbance-degree (HADD) lower (LADD) habitats. The forelimb bud-stage tadpoles from HADD than their counterparts LADD richness hindlimb greater However, adult did not differ two Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis indicated relative abundance dominant bacteria decreased with increasing air temperature, water pH; conversely, increased humidity. addition, influenced by disturbance. We conclude is affected ecological disturbance, highlighting importance response habitat alteration.

Language: Английский

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Influence of landscape on the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Ranavirus in tadpoles in the southern Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Introduction Habitat loss, as well infectious diseases, have been suggested the main causes for worldwide decline of amphibian populations. Thus, search biotic indicators is a useful tool mapping priority demands in disease management. Aims Here we analyzed prevalence two pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Ranavirus (Rv), anuran communities southern Brazil. We explored relationship between Bd landscape class used an indicator-species indicator-community approach to identify which species potential indicate presence Bd. Methods histological analyses access PCR Rv tadpole communities. Key results Our data, based on 26 communities, revealed high but absence Rv. Three species, studied, were found be indicators, including endemic from Brazil Argentina. Additionally, analysis with that larger forest areas are indicators. Conclusions Analyses at community level, relate provide unprecedented highly relevant information fragmented Atlantic Forest landscapes. Based our results, argue even patches (apparently well-preserved) susceptible deserve attention regarding possibility incidence chytridiomycosis. Implications. From consider use Bd-indicator conservation could evaluate threatened status proposals

Language: Английский

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Tracking ranavirus infections: an integrative review of epidemiological research on pathogen dynamics in anurans

Web Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 115 - 128

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Abstract. Emerging infectious diseases have contributed to the decline in amphibian species around world. Among them, ranavirus infections major importance, as they significantly impact biodiversity and frog rearing. This study aims conduct an integrative review of recent literature, including epidemiological data on distribution, prevalence, circulating strains, identify gaps that may still exist suggest potential directions for future research. We synthesized collected from 68 articles found two scientific databases (Scopus PubMed), we provide a situational update anurans. relevant reports confirming high prevalence this pathogen risk it poses, endangered species. However, there is information be clarified regarding its distribution different territories identification involved infections.

Language: Английский

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