Cognitive Correlates of Resilience in Adults Experiencing Homelessness

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

In adults who have experienced homelessness, greater psychological resilience is related to better quality of life, community functioning, and social cognition. Domain-specific cognitive functioning positively associated with in housed populations; however, these relationships yet be explored among experiencing homelessness. The aim this study examine the between domain-specific function One hundred six homelessness were recruited Toronto, Canada, 88 included analyses (51% female, mean age = 43 years). Study measures assessed as well cognition (vocabulary, oral reading, processing speed, episodic memory, executive functioning) using NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Additional covariates interest distress, network size, substance misuse, major psychiatric disorders. Hierarchical regression modeling contributions each domain while accounting for established covariates. Oral reading was higher resilience, explaining 12.45% variance controlling age, education, gender, size. Performance on visual memory not found self-reported resilience. results suggest that verbal vocabulary, shaped by accumulation experiences across one's lifetime, may an important contributor Better crystallized abilities reflect more enriched early life are critical coping skills well-being

Language: Английский

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A novel tool to untangle the ecology and fossil preservation knot in exceptionally preserved biotas

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 569, P. 117061 - 117061

Published: June 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Environmental enrichment during yard weaning alters the performance of calves in an attention bias and a novel object recognition test

Frontiers in Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: March 27, 2024

The weaning of beef calves in yards places multiple stressors on the animals, and environmental enrichment may help mitigate some these improve animal welfare. This trial assessed impacts provision to during yard using measures biological functioning, behaviour, affective state. Overall, utilised brush more than other provided enrichments, which were a hanging rope ball. Enrichment influenced behaviours both an attention bias test, with enriched exhibiting associated greater anxiety, novel object recognition spending less time interacting objects. In their home pens, performed drinking grooming behaviours. However, no significant differences seen between treatments for body weight, faecal cortisol metabolites, internal temperature. also did not influence any longer-term measurements flight speed, or crush score. study design was impacted by mud, requiring regrouping animals. Thus, results should be interpreted caution. this demonstrates that further work is required into assessment states animals as it could confirmed whether indicate calf welfare improved impaired through provision.

Language: Английский

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Sex‐specific associations of the maturation locus vgll3 with exploratory behavior and boldness in Atlantic salmon juveniles

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Studies linking genetics, behavior and life history in any species are rare. In Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), age at maturity is a key life‐history trait associates strongly with the vgll3 locus, whereby vgll3* E allele linked younger maturity, higher body condition than vgll3*L allele. However, relationship between this genetic variation behaviors like boldness exploration which may impact growth reproductive strategies poorly understood. The pace‐of‐life syndrome (POLS) framework provides predictions, heightened exploratory predicted individuals early maturation‐associated genotype EE ). Here, we tested these predictions by investigating genotypes 129 juveniles using novel environment object trials. Our results indicated that contrary to POLS vgll3*LL fish were bolder more explorative, suggesting genotype‐level including several behaviors. Interestingly, clear sex differences observed latency move new environment, vgll3*EE males, but not females, taking longer their counterparts. provide further empirical support for recent calls consider nuanced explanations pace of theory integrating into theory.

Language: Английский

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Does Physical Activity Age Wild Animals?

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

There is considerable interest in why the process of ageing varies between individuals, both humans and other animals. However, animals, terms survival (demographic senescence) understood considerably more detail than decline body's functional capacity (functional senescence). Oxidative damage probably an important component many species. stress typically increases as a result physical activity, animals exhibit long intense periods active behaviour. These observations raise question that has not yet been addressed: while humans, at least, activity considered beneficial to health, could high intensity play part rate wild age? Studies date suggest increased 'effort' can lead reduced free-living but refers different processes studies, rarely clarified or quantified. To understand role senescence, studies must measure detailed free-ranging possibly describing it intensity, frequency duration, coupled with records resultant physiological DNA damage.

Language: Английский

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Haemosporidian infections influence risk-taking behaviours in young male blackcaps, Sylvia atricapilla

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 113 - 126

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Animal behaviour becomes essential to the dynamics of parasitism if some behaviours favour pathogen transmission or increase exposure infection. Infections may also influence host when health and future fitness are compromised, which predicts infected individuals will adaptively change risk-taking behaviours. We studied whether haemosporidian infection influences exploratory, foraging antipredator male young blackcaps before their first migration. The study was conducted in captivity using subjects a medication experiment with antimalarial drug primaquine, had temporarily cleared parasite blood stages treated 1 month before. In an initial exploration test cage unknown birds, birds started exploring earlier than uninfected ones. Risk-taking were further assessed sequence tests starting opening new feeders induce startle response, continuing simulations increased predation risk. challenged acoustic cues risk by playing recorded conspecific alarm calls, heterospecific song as control for reaction sound. Then, we visual risk, showing them taxidermic sparrowhawk bottle unspecific threat. Uninfected showed appropriate sentinel behaviour, turning around more frequently presence compared bottle, while tended behave similarly faced both stimuli, behavioural difference that driven single infections. Throughout trial, medicated alarm-call often unmedicated individuals, weak effect not observed parasite-free birds. Our results show infections can blackcap support view repertoires broadly associated parasitism.

Language: Английский

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Early and accumulated experience shape migration and flight in Egyptian vultures

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(24), P. 5526 - 5532.e4

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Early social isolation disrupts adult personality expression in group‐living mites

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Abstract Animal personalities are characterized by intra‐individual consistency and consistent inter‐individual variability in behaviour across time contexts. Personalities abound animals, ranging from sea anemones to insects, arachnids, birds, fish primates, yet the pathways mediating personality formation expression remain elusive. Social conditions during early postnatal period known determinants of mean behavioural trait expressions later life, but their relevance shaping trajectories is unknown. Here, we investigated consequences social isolation on adult plant‐inhabiting predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis . These adapted live groups. We hypothesized that transient experience is, deprivation any contact a sensitive window post‐hatching phase, has enduring adverse effects expression. Newly hatched were transiently reared or groups tested as adults for repeatability various within‐group behaviours, such movement patterns mutual interactions including sociability, defined propensity associate interact benignly with conspecifics, activity when alone. Groups composed individuals same different early‐life experiences repeatedly videotaped individual behaviours automatically analysed using AnimalTA. life had persistent traits well expression, measured intraclass correlation coefficients (indicating repeatability). On average, isolation‐reared females moved at higher speeds, meandered less, kept greater distances others fewer immediate neighbours than group‐reared females. Group‐reared highly repeatable distance, moving speed, meandering area explored, whereas only number neighbours. Activity, quantified proportion spent within groups, was females, activity, alone, isolation. Strikingly, also male mates influenced mated males boosting Overall, our study provides evidence phase critical lasting extend into adulthood, impairing should cascade upward, changing phenotypic composition diversity populations.

Language: Английский

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Use of a food neophobia test to characterize personality traits of dairy calves

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 28, 2020

Abstract Food neophobia, i.e. the avoidance of novel foods, is common in ruminants and may provide a biologically relevant practical way to test individual responses novelty or challenge. We aimed determine if behavioural food neophobia (exposure total mixed ration) reflected boldness exploratory personality traits derived from 3 traditional tests (open field, human object) dairy calves. performed two Principal Component Analyses, one using behaviours (3 factors: ‘Bold’, ‘Exploratory’ ‘Active’), ‘Eating’, ‘Inspecting’, ‘Avoidance’). A regression analysis determined factor scores predicted tests. Contrary our expectations, ‘Avoidance’ (latencies approach eat food) did not predict trait, factors ‘Inspecting’ (time spent inspecting empty buckets) ‘Eating’ eating intake) exploration but they active trait. These results suggest that study resulted context-specific behaviours, present different underlying traits. The application assess specific generalized calves deserves further work.

Language: Английский

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Structural complexity in the hatchery rearing environment affects activity, resting metabolic rate and post‐release behaviour in brown trout Salmo trutta

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 95(2), P. 638 - 641

Published: May 16, 2019

The effects of structural enrichment in the hatchery rearing environment brown trout Salmo trutta was linked to post-release performance. Enrichment resulted reduced swimming activity scored an open field test and movement a natural river after release. Also, increased resting metabolic rates, which correlated positively with overwinter growth.

Language: Английский

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