Continuous Plant-Based and Remote Sensing for Determination of Fruit Tree Water Status

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 516 - 516

Published: May 16, 2024

Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity, making the efficient management of water resources essential for sustainable crop production. The assessment plant status is crucial understanding physiological responses stress and optimizing practices in agriculture. Proximal remote sensing techniques have emerged as powerful tools non-destructive, efficient, spatially extensive monitoring status. This review aims examine recent advancements proximal methodologies utilized assessing status, consumption, irrigation needs fruit tree crops. Several proved useful continuous estimation but strong limitations terms spatial variability. On contrary, technologies, although less precise estimates, can easily cover from medium large areas with drone or satellite images. integration would definitely improve assessment, resulting higher accuracy by integrating temporal scales. paper consists three parts: first part covers current plant-based tools, second techniques, third includes an update on combined use two methodologies.

Language: Английский

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Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2780 - 2780

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Stem water potential (Ψstem) is considered to be the standard measure of plant status. However, it measured with pressure chamber (PC), an equipment that can neither provide continuous information nor automated, limiting its use. Recent developments microtensiometers (MT; FloraPulse sensors), which continuously tension in woody tissue trunk tree, potentially highlight dynamic nature relations. Thus, this study aimed validate and assess usefulness MT by comparing Ψstem provided those same measurements from PC. Here, two irrigation treatments (a control a deficit treatment) were applied pear (Pyrus communis L.) orchard Washington State (USA) capture full range potentials environment. Discrete leaf gas exchange, canopy temperature PC made every hours for four days dawn sunset. There strong linear relationships between Ψstem-MT Ψstem-PC (R2 > 0.8) vapor 0.7). was more variable lower than when below -1.5 MPa, especially during evening. Minimum occurred later afternoon compared Ψstem-PC. showed similar sensitivity coefficients variation both acquired data. Overall, promising results achieved indicated used tree

Language: Английский

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Long-term validation of continuous measurements of trunk water potential and trunk diameter indicate different diurnal patterns for pear under water limitations

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 108257 - 108257

Published: March 6, 2023

Microtensiometers are plant-based sensors than can continuously measure trunk water potential (Ψtrunk). This new status indicator, Ψtrunk, was compared with the midday stem (Ψstem) measured a pressure chamber, current standard for assessing in trees, leaf potential, and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) adult 'D'Anjou' pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) irrigated following two strategies, (1) control treatment (CTL) at 100% of crop evapotranspiration and, (2) regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). Ψstem MDS were directly influenced by soil content atmospheric demand. able to detect stress DI earliest. However, variability high it not sensitive enough significant differences between treatments end season. had value 300 µm (Ψstem =−1.4 MPa). On other hand, variation Ψtrunk low both indicators distinguish strategies. Midday strong linear relationship similar identity line (R2 = 0.88). when afternoon, reported microtensiometers − 0.7 MPa lower chamber. The diameter variations followed five different stages. Changes delayed relative changes Ψtrunk. seasonal strongly related start 0.63), but complete season considered, this weaker 0.44). Moreover, coefficient sensitivity supports suitability using them automated systems monitor tree spite their dependence on environmental conditions. is one first studies that validates use fruit across consecutive seasons under differing treatments.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring Stem Water Potential with an Embedded Microtensiometer to Inform Irrigation Scheduling in Fruit Crops

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(12), P. 1207 - 1207

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

The water status of fruit and nut crops is critical to the high productivity, quality value these crops. Water often estimated managed with indirect measurements soil moisture models evapotranspiration. However, cultivated trees vines have characteristics associated cultural practices that complicate such methods, particularly variable discontinuous canopies, extensive but low-density, root systems relatively hydraulic resistance. Direct continuous measurement plant desirable in as integrates its unique combination weather, factors. To measure potential temporal sampling rates, a stem-embedded microchip microtensiometer sensor has been developed tested several for long-term monitoring stem potential. Results on orchards vineyards good excellent, very correlations pressure chamber standard method. primary challenge establishing maintaining intimate contact xylem long periods time, anatomies, growth wound reactions. Sources variability utilization data stream, relation irrigation scheduling, are discussed. field possible provide opportunities both research farming.

Language: Английский

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Trunk Water Potential Measured with Microtensiometers for Managing Water Stress in “Gala” Apple Trees

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1912 - 1912

Published: May 8, 2023

The weather variations around the world are already having a profound impact on agricultural production. This impacts apple production and quality of product. Through precision, growers attempt to optimize both yield fruit size quality. Two experiments were conducted using field-grown "Gala" trees in Geneva, NY, USA, 2021 2022. Mature (Malus × domestica Borkh. cv. Ultima "Gala") grafted onto G.11 rootstock planted 2015 used for experiment. Our goal was establish relationship between stem water potential (Ψtrunk), which continuously measured microtensiometers, growth rate fruits, dendrometers throughout growing season. second objective develop thresholds Ψtrunk determine when irrigate trees. economic different irrigation regimes evaluated. Three compared (full irrigation, rainfed rain exclusion induce stress). Trees subjected rain-exclusion treatment not irrigated during whole season, except spring (April May; 126 mm 100 2022); that is, these did receive June, July, August half September. received only rainwater (515 382 2022). fully but also by drip 565 Moreover, all same amount out season autumn winter (245 283 microtensiometer sensors detected differences among our treatments over entire In years, experimental with trunk cross-section area (TCSA) selected (23-25 cm-2 TCSA), crop load adjusted 7 fruits·cm-2 TCSA 8.5 However, showed highest rates final weight (157 g 70 mm), followed (132 66 while had lowest (107 61 mm). hourly shrinking swelling (mm·h-1) (bar) microtensiometers correlated. We developed logistic model correlate (g·h-1), suggested critical value -9.7 bars Ψtrunk, above there no negative effects due stress relatively humid conditions New York State. A support vector machine multiple regression predict daytime radiation VPD as input variables. Yield converted value, managing dry periods improved climate

Language: Английский

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Root and rhizosphere traits for enhanced water and nutrients uptake efficiency in dynamic environments

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 31, 2024

Modern agriculture's goal of improving crop resource acquisition efficiency relies on the intricate relationship between root system and soil. Root rhizosphere traits play a critical role in efficient use nutrients water, especially under dynamic environments. This review emphasizes holistic perspective, challenging conventional separation nutrient water uptake processes necessity for an integrated approach. Anticipating climate change-induced increase likelihood extreme weather events that result fluctuations soil moisture availability, study explores adaptive potential to mitigate stress. We emphasize significance characteristics enable crops rapidly respond varying availabilities (i.e. presence mobile zone) their accessibility possibility transport resources surface). These encompass example hairs, mucilage extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) exudation, rhizosheath formation expression transporters. Moreover, we recognize challenge balancing carbon investments, stress, where optimized must consider carbon-efficient strategies. To advance our understanding, calls well-designed field experiments, recognizing limitations controlled Non-destructive methods such as mini rhizotron assessments

Language: Английский

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Relating microtensiometer-based trunk water potential with sap flow, canopy temperature, and trunk and fruit diameter variations for irrigated ‘Honeycrisp’ apple

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 24, 2024

Instrumentation plays a key role in modern horticulture. Thus, the microtensiomenter, new plant-based sensor that continuously monitors trunk water potential (Ψ ) can help irrigation management decisions. To compare response of Ψ with other continuous tree status indicators such as sap flow rate, difference between canopy and air temperatures, or variations fruit diameter, all sensors were installed 2022 commercial orchard ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees M.9 rootstocks Washinton State (USA). From daily evolution , five considered: predawn, midday, minimum, mean, range (the maximum minimum values). The was most linked to shrinkage (MDS; R 2 = 0.42), canopy-to-air temperature (Tc-Ta; 0.32), rate (SF; 0.30). On hand, relative growth (FRGR) more related (R 0.33) mean 0.32) than . All derived from identified changes after each event had low coefficients variation high sensitivity. These results encourage promising candidate for monitoring status, however, research is needed better relate these measures widely studied identify good combinations threshold values.

Language: Английский

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Plant-Based Methodologies and Approaches for Estimating Plant Water Status of Mediterranean Tree Species: A Semi-Systematic Review

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2127 - 2127

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Global climate change presents a threat for the environment, and it is aggravated by mismanagement of water use in agricultural sector. Since plants are intermediate component soil–plant–atmosphere continuum, their physiology directly affected availability, plant-based approaches proved to be sensitive effective estimating plant status can used as possible water-saving strategy crop irrigation scheduling. This work consists two parts: first part extensively reviews methods that most applied monitor (PWS), different technologies available, gaps, possibility further improvements establishing sustainable schedule. The various described, differences between conventional recent improved analyzed. second an extensive dataset survey 83 publications from 2012 2022 main monitoring methodologies assessment fruit nut tree crops cultivated Mediterranean climate. aim this serve practical reference deepen reader knowledge on PWS enhance researchers identify gaps potential advances designing user-friendly technologies.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of trunk microtensiometer as a novel biosensor to continuously monitor plant water status in nectarine trees

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

The objective of this work was to validate the trunk water potential (Ψtrunk), using emerged microtensiometer devices, as a biosensor ascertain plant status in field-grown nectarine trees. During summer 2022, trees were subjected different irrigation protocols based on maximum allowed depletion (MAD), automatically managed by real-time soil content values measured capacitance probes. Three percentages available (α) imposed: (i) α=10% (MAD=27.5%); (ii) α=50% (MAD=21.5%); and (iii) α=100%, no-irrigation until Ψstem reached -2.0 MPa. Thereafter, recovered requirement crop. Seasonal diurnal patterns indicators soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) characterised, including air potentials, pressure chamber-derived stem (Ψstem) leaf (Ψleaf) gas exchange, together with Ψtrunk. Continuous measurements Ψtrunk served promising indicator determine status. There strong linear relationship between Ψtrunkvs. (R2 = 0.86, p<0.001), while it not significant Ψleaf 0.37, p>0.05). A mean gradient 0.3 1.8 MPa observed Ψtrunkvs.Ψstem Ψleaf, respectively. In addition, best matched matric potential. main finding points use valuable for monitoring Also, agreed automated soil-based implemented.

Language: Английский

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Physiological responses of apricot and peach cultivars under progressive water shortage: Different crop signals for anisohydric and isohydric behaviours

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 286, P. 108384 - 108384

Published: June 1, 2023

The knowledge about the behaviour of different fruit tree species when subjected to water shortage is pivotal pair correctly with environment, as well choose most reliable index for monitoring plant status. Net photosynthesis (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) are considered some variables describing status, functionality potential productivity, but their measurement actually time consuming, complex expensive. aims present study were investigate effect a progressive stress on leaf functioning status two stone trees species; relations within Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum; assess pool indices estimating Pn gs by means other quick be measured, potentially through less expensive user-friendly sensors. trial was carried out an early ripening apricot variety (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Primius) late peach persica (L.) Batsch Calred) dry down. Trees monitored stem potential, temperature, chlorophyl fluorescence, gs. "Primius" "Calred" behaved near anisohydric near-isohydric plants, respectively. In more affected soil content than vapour pressure deficit (VPD) opposite occurred in "Calred", suggesting approach used managing cultivars. Chlorophyll fluorescence air temperature difference (ΔT), combined properly stepwise multiple regression analysis approach, selected good predictors both species. ΔT VPD estimate gs, using same approach. prediction performance models resulted possible use driving irrigation sustainable plant-based way.

Language: Английский

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