Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 418 - 418

Published: April 16, 2025

Vaccine formulations are a successful strategy against pathogen transmission because vaccine candidates induce effective and long-lasting memory immune responses (B CD4+ T cells) at systemic mucosal sites. Extracellular vesicles of lipoproteins, bioactive compounds from plants invertebrates (sponges) encapsulated in liposomes, glycoproteins can target these The developed mimic microbial pathogens way that successfully links the innate adaptive responses. In addition, vaccines plus adjuvants promote maintain an inflammatory response. this review, we aimed to identify host–pathogen interface as rich source candidate targets for vaccine-induced protective

Language: Английский