Pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies of Botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest decay in fruits and vegetables

Food Quality and Safety, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 111 - 119

Published: July 24, 2018

Botrytis cinerea is a significant necrotrophic plant pathogen causing devastating diseases on more than 500 species, especially fresh fruits and vegetables, resulting in the economic losses ranging from $10 billion to $100 worldwide. This fungal invades nearly all parts of plants including stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds at both pre-harvest post-harvest stages. Due its wide host range huge that it causes, extensive investigations have been carried out effectively control this pathogen. It beneficial for exploring pathogenic mechanisms B. provide fundamental basis strategies. In recent years, tremendous progress has made understanding these genes regulatory pathways, as well strategies cinerea. Here, current knowledge will be summarized review.

Language: Английский

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How light affects the life of Botrytis

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 26 - 41

Published: June 23, 2017

Fungi, like other organisms, actively sense the environmental light conditions in order to drive adaptive responses, including protective mechanisms against light-associated stresses, and regulate development. Ecological niches are characterized by different regimes, for instance is absent underground, spectra from sunlight changed underwater or under canopy of foliage due absorption distinct wavelengths bacterial, algal plant pigments. Considering fact that fungi have evolved adapt their habitats, complexities 'visual' systems may vary significantly. Fungi pathogenic on plants experience a special regime because host always seeks optimum photosynthesis – pathogen has cope with this environment. When lives indirectly exposed sunlight, it confronted an altered spectrum enriched green far-red light. Botrytis cinerea, gray mold fungus, aggressive mainly infecting above-ground parts plant. As outlined review, Leotiomycete maintains highly sophisticated signaling machinery, integrating (near)-UV, blue, green, red signals use at least eleven potential photoreceptors trigger variety i.e. protection (pigmentation, enzymatic systems), morphogenesis (conidiation, apothecial development), entrainment circadian clock, positive negative tropism multicellular (conidiophores, apothecia) unicellular structures (conidial germ tubes). In sense, 'looking through eyes' will expand our knowledge fungal photobiology.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Light on Plant–Phyllosphere Interaction

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 12, 2018

Plant-phyllosphere interactions depend on microbial diversity, the plant host and environmental factors. Light is perceived by plants microorganisms used as a cue for their interaction. Photoreceptors respond to narrow-bandwidth wavelengths activate specific internal responses. Light-induced responses include changes in hormonal levels, production of secondary metabolites, release volatile compounds, which ultimately influence plant-phyllosphere interactions. On other hand, contribute making some essential elements (N, P, Fe) biologically available producing growth regulators that promote fitness. Therefore, light directly or indirectly influences plant-microbe The usage light-emitting diodes facilities helping increasing knowledge field. This progress will help define recipes optimize outputs communications. review describes research advancements light-regulated effects full spectra narrow bandwidth-wavelengths from UV far-red are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Light in the Fungal World: From Photoreception to Gene Transcription and Beyond

Annual Review of Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 149 - 170

Published: Aug. 27, 2019

Fungi see light of different colors by using photoreceptors such as the White Collar proteins and cryptochromes for blue light, opsins green phytochromes red light. Light regulates fungal development, promotes accumulation protective pigments proteins, tropic growth. The complex (WCC) is a photoreceptor transcription factor that responsible regulating after exposure to In Neurospora crassa, interaction WCCs their binding promoters activate transcription. Aspergillus nidulans, WCC phytochrome interact coordinate gene other responses, but contribution these photobiology varies across species. Ultimately, effect on biology result coordinated transcriptional regulation activation signal transduction pathways.

Language: Английский

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The Destructive Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea—Insights from Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 923 - 923

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting numerous plant hosts, including many important crop species. As a molecularly under-studied organism, its genome was only sequenced at beginning this century and it recently updated with improved gene annotation completeness. In review, we summarize key molecular studies on B. developmental pathogenesis processes, specifically genes studied comprehensively mutant analysis. Analyses these have unveiled in biological processes pathogen, hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, conidiation, pathogenicity melanization. addition, our synthesis has uncovered gaps present knowledge regarding development virulence mechanisms. We hope review will serve to enhance mechanisms behind notorious pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Scopoletin negatively regulates the HOG pathway and exerts antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea by interfering with infection structures, cell wall, and cell membrane formation

Phytopathology Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Botrytis cinerea is the causative agent of gray mold, a fungal disease affecting broad array food crops and resulting in considerable agricultural economic losses. Currently, chemical fungicides are most effective control measure, but this practice challenged by growing resistance pathogens to these fungicides. Scopoletin, major phytoalexin tobacco plants, has shown promise as an antifungal treatment. Here, we found that scopoletin was against B. infection tomato leaves. It inhibited mycelial growth conidial germination disrupted cell wall, membrane, structure formation. Transcriptomic analysis identified 3495 differentially expressed genes response Interestingly, seems deactivate HOG pathway . The defect caused hyperactivation pathway, such iprodione treatment deletion BcPtc1 , negative regulator partly rescued scopoletin. Moreover, it could downregulate phosphorylation levels BcSak1 treated with NaCl. In addition, efficiency triadimefon significantly increased Thus, promising, naturally derived, sustainable for especially when combined triadimefon.

Language: Английский

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Botcinic acid biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea relies on a subtelomeric gene cluster surrounded by relics of transposons and is regulated by the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor BcBoa13

Current Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 965 - 980

Published: March 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Two Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Proteins Fulfill Distinct Roles in DNA Photorepair and Regulation of Conidiation in the Gray Mold Fungus Botrytis cinerea

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 83(17)

Published: July 1, 2017

ABSTRACT The plant-pathogenic leotiomycete Botrytis cinerea is known for the strict regulation of its asexual differentiation programs by environmental light conditions. Sclerotia are formed in constant darkness; black/near-UV (NUV) induces conidiation; and blue represses both programs. Sensing black/NUV attributed to proteins cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). To elucidate molecular basis photoinduction conidiation, we functionally characterized two CPF encoded genome B. as putative positive-acting components. CRY1 (BcCRY1), a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, acts major enzyme light-driven DNA repair (photoreactivation) has no obvious role signaling. In contrast, BcCRY2, belonging cry-DASH proteins, dispensable photorepair but performs regulatory functions repressing conidiation white especially light. transcription bccry1 bccry2 induced White Collar complex (WCC)-dependent manner, neither nor WCC essential repression through BcCRY2 when constitutively expressed. Further, affects transcript levels WCC-induced WCC-repressed genes, suggesting signaling function downstream WCC. Since light, origin this effect remains elusive may be connected yet unknown UV-light-responsive system. IMPORTANCE an economically important plant pathogen that causes gray mold diseases wide variety species, including high-value crops ornamental flowers. spread disease field relies on formation conidia, process regulated different qualities. While feature been long time, just starting understand underlying mechanisms. Conidiation whose sensing action (CPF) proteins. Here report distinct photoresponse . BcCRY1 photolyase photoprotection, cryptochrome with regulating photomorphogenesis (repression conidiation).

Language: Английский

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Rewiring of transcriptional networks as a major event leading to the diversity of asexual multicellularity in fungi

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 45(5-6), P. 548 - 563

Published: July 3, 2019

Complex multicellularity (CM) is characterized by the generation of three-dimensional structures that follow a genetically controlled program. CM emerged at least five times in evolution, one them fungi. There are two types programs fungi, leading, respectively, to formation sexual or asexual spores. Asexual spores foment spread mycoses, as they main vehicle for dispersion. In spite this key dependence, there great morphological diversity multicellular To advance understanding mechanisms control initiation and progression how can lead such remarkable diversification, we studied 503 fungal proteomes, representing all phyla subphyla, most known classes. Conservation analyses 33 regulators development suggest stepwise emergence transcription factors. While velvet proteins constitute ancient systems, central regulator BrlA late evolution (with class Eurotiomycetes). Some factors, MoConX4, seem be species-specific. These observations transcriptional rewire networks. This process could reach species level, resulting vast morphologies.

Language: Английский

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Light sensing in plant- and rock-associated black fungi

Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 124(5), P. 407 - 417

Published: Jan. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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