Genomic basis for coral resilience to climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 110(4), P. 1387 - 1392

Published: Jan. 7, 2013

Recent advances in DNA-sequencing technologies now allow for in-depth characterization of the genomic stress responses many organisms beyond model taxa. They are especially appropriate such as reef-building corals, which dramatic declines abundance expected to worsen anthropogenic climate change intensifies. Different corals differ substantially physiological resilience environmental stress, but molecular mechanisms behind enhanced coral remain unclear. Here, we compare transcriptome-wide gene expression (via RNA-Seq using Illumina sequencing) among conspecific thermally sensitive and resilient identify pathways contributing resilience. Under simulated bleaching hundreds genes, had higher under control conditions across 60 these genes. These “frontloaded” transcripts were less up-regulated during heat included thermal tolerance genes shock proteins antioxidant enzymes, well a broad array involved apoptosis regulation, tumor suppression, innate immune response, cell adhesion. We propose that constitutive frontloading enables an individual maintain frequently encountered idea has strong parallels systems yeast. Our study provides insight into fundamental cellular processes responsible tolerances may enable some better persist future era global change.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of reef coral resistance to future climate change

Science, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 344(6186), P. 895 - 898

Published: April 25, 2014

Reef corals are highly sensitive to heat, yet populations resistant climate change have recently been identified. To determine the mechanisms of temperature tolerance, we reciprocally transplanted between reef sites experiencing distinct regimes and tested subsequent physiological gene expression profiles. Local acclimatization fixed effects, such as adaptation, contributed about equally heat tolerance reflected in patterns expression. In less than 2 years, achieves same that would expect from strong natural selection over many generations for these long-lived organisms. Our results show both short-term acclimatory longer-term adaptive acquisition resistance. Adding abilities ecosystem models is likely slow predictions demise coral ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial community dynamics are linked to patterns of coral heat tolerance

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2017

Abstract Ocean warming threatens corals and the coral reef ecosystem. Nevertheless, can be adapted to their thermal environment inherit heat tolerance across generations. In addition, diverse microbes that associate with have capacity for more rapid change, potentially aiding adaptation of long-lived corals. Here, we show microbiome is different thermally variable habitats changes over time when are reciprocally transplanted. Exposing these bleaching conditions heat-sensitive corals, but not heat-tolerant growing in natural high extremes. Importantly, particular bacterial taxa predict host response a short-term stress experiment. Such associations could result from parallel responses microbial community living at temperatures. A competing hypothesis causally linked.

Language: Английский

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Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985–2012

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2016

Abstract Coral reefs across the world’s oceans are in midst of longest bleaching event on record (from 2014 to at least 2016). As many remote, there is limited information how past thermal conditions have influenced reef composition and current stress responses. Using satellite temperature data for 1985–2012, analysis we present first quantify, global locations, spatial variations warming trends, events variability reef-scale (~4 km). Among over 60,000 pixels globally, 97% show positive SST trends during study period with 60% significantly. Annual exceeded summertime most locations. This indicates that summer-like temperatures has become longer through record, a corresponding shortening ‘winter’ reprieve from warm temperatures. The frequency bleaching-level increased three-fold between 1985–91 2006–12 – trend climate model projections suggest will continue. history products developed enable needed studies relating resistance community composition. Such analyses can help identify more resilient stress.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting Patterns of Coral Bleaching Susceptibility in 2010 Suggest an Adaptive Response to Thermal Stress

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. e33353 - e33353

Published: March 9, 2012

Background Coral bleaching events vary in severity, however, to date, the hierarchy of susceptibility among coral taxa has been consistent over a broad geographic range and episodes. Here we examine extent spatial temporal variation thermal tolerance scleractinian between locations during 2010 thermally induced, large-scale event South East Asia. Methodology/Principal Findings Surveys estimate mortality indices genera were carried out at three with contrasting histories. Despite magnitude stress being similar 2010, there was remarkable contrast patterns susceptibility. Comparisons within revealed no significant differences histories, but histories (Friedman = 34.97; p<0.001). Bleaching much less severe that bleached 1998, had greater historical temperature variability lower rates warming. Remarkably, Acropora Pocillopora, are typically highly susceptible, although most susceptible Pulau Weh (Sumatra, Indonesia) where respectively, 94% 87% colonies died, least Singapore, only 5% 12% died. Conclusions/Significance The pattern documented here is unprecedented. A parsimonious explanation for these results populations last major warming 1998 have adapted and/or acclimatised stress. These data also lend support hypothesis corals regions subject more variable regimes resistant than those environments.

Language: Английский

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Change in algal symbiont communities after bleaching, not prior heat exposure, increases heat tolerance of reef corals

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 236 - 249

Published: Aug. 6, 2014

Abstract Mutualistic organisms can be particularly susceptible to climate change stress, as their survivorship is often limited by the most vulnerable partner. However, symbiotic plasticity also help in changing environments expanding realized niche space. Coral–algal ( Symbiodinium spp.) symbiosis exemplifies this dichotomy: partnership highly ‘bleaching’ (stress‐induced breakdown), but stress‐tolerant symbionts sometimes mitigate bleaching. Here, we investigate role of diverse and mutable partnerships increasing corals' ability thrive high temperature conditions. We conducted repeat bleaching recovery experiments on coral Montastraea cavernosa , used quantitative PCR chlorophyll fluorometry assess structure function communities within hosts. During an initial heat exposure (32 °C for 10 days), corals hosting only stress‐sensitive C3) bleached, recovered (at either 24 or 29 °C) with predominantly (>90%) D1a), which were not detected before (either due absence extreme low abundance). When a second stress (also 32 days) was applied 3 months later, that previously bleached now dominated D1a experienced less photodamage symbiont loss compared control had been therefore still C3. Additional initially without herbicide DCMU at symbionts, similarly lost fewer during subsequent thermal stress. Increased thermotolerance observed C3‐dominated acclimated warmer temperatures (29 These findings indicate increased post‐bleaching resulted from community composition changes, prior exposure. Moreover, undetectable became dominant after bleaching, critical resilience resistance future

Language: Английский

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High frequency temperature variability reduces the risk of coral bleaching

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 20, 2018

Coral bleaching is the detrimental expulsion of algal symbionts from their cnidarian hosts, and predominantly occurs when corals are exposed to thermal stress. The incidence severity often spatially heterogeneous within reef-scales (<1 km), therefore not predictable using conventional remote sensing products. Here, we systematically assess relationship between in situ measurements 20 environmental variables, along with seven remotely sensed SST stress metrics, 81 observed events at coral reef locations spanning five major regions globally. We find that high-frequency temperature variability (i.e., daily range) was most influential factor predicting prevalence had a mitigating effect, such 1 °C increase range would reduce odds more severe by 33. Our findings suggest reefs greater may represent particularly important opportunities conserve ecosystems against threat posed warming ocean temperatures.

Language: Английский

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Gene expression under chronic heat stress in populations of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) from different thermal environments

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 22(16), P. 4322 - 4334

Published: July 30, 2013

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that corals can acclimatize or adapt to local stress factors through differential regulation of their gene expression. Profiling expression in from diverse environments elucidate the physiological processes may be responsible for maximizing coral fitness natural habitat and lead a better understanding coral's capacity survive effects global climate change. In an accompanying paper, we show P orites astreoides thermally different reef habitats exhibit distinct responses when exposed 6 weeks chronic temperature common garden experiment. Here, describe profiles obtained same panel 9 previously reported 10 novel candidate response genes identified pilot RNA ‐Seq The strongest change was observed potentially involved calcification, SLC 26, member solute carrier family 26 anion exchangers, which down‐regulated by 92‐fold bleached relative controls. most notable signature divergence between populations constitutive up‐regulation metabolic warmer inshore location, including gluconeogenesis enzymes pyruvate carboxylase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase lipid beta‐oxidation enzyme acyl‐ C o A dehydrogenase. Our observations highlight several molecular pathways were not implicated suggest host management energy budgets might play adaptive role holobiont thermotolerance.

Language: Английский

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A coral reef refuge in the Red Sea

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 3640 - 3647

Published: Aug. 20, 2013

The stability and persistence of coral reefs in the decades to come is uncertain due global warming repeated bleaching events that will lead reduced resilience these ecological socio-economically important ecosystems. Identifying key refugia potentially for future conservation actions. We suggest Gulf Aqaba (GoA) (Red Sea) may serve as a reef refugium unique suite environmental conditions. Our hypothesis based on experimental detection an exceptionally high threshold northern Red Sea corals potential dispersal planulae larvae through selective thermal barrier estimated using ocean model. propose millennia natural selection form at southernmost end have selected genotypes are less susceptible stress Sea, delaying GoA by least century.

Language: Английский

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Metaorganisms in extreme environments: do microbes play a role in organismal adaptation?

Zoology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 1 - 19

Published: Feb. 15, 2018

From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant animal hosts, ultimately forming a metaorganism consisting uni- or multicellular host community associated microorganisms. Research on host–microbe interactions has become emerging cross-disciplinary field. In both vertebrates invertebrates complex microbiome confers immunological, metabolic behavioural benefits; conversely, its disturbance can contribute development disease states. However, molecular cellular mechanisms controlling within poorly understood many key between organisms remain unknown. this perspective article, we outline some issues in interspecies particular address question how metaorganisms react adapt inputs from extreme environments such as deserts, intertidal zone, oligothrophic seas, hydrothermal vents.

Language: Английский

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