Record-breaking dust loading during two mega dust storm events over northern China in March 2021: aerosol optical and radiative properties and meteorological drivers

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 7905 - 7932

Published: June 17, 2022

Abstract. Although a remarkable reduction in the frequency of sand and dust storms (SDSs) past several decades has been reported over northern China (NC), two unexpected mega SDSs occurred on 15–20 27–29 March 2021 (abbreviated as “3.15” “3.27” SDS events), which reawakened widespread concern. This study characterizes optical, microphysical, radiative properties aerosols their meteorological drivers during these events using Sun photometer observations Beijing comprehensive set multiple satellite (including MODIS, VIIRS, CALIOP, Himawari-8) ground-based CMA visibility network AD-Net) combined with atmospheric reanalysis data. Moreover, long-term (2000–2021) optical depth (DOD) dataset retrieved from MODIS measurements was also utilized to evaluate historical ranking loading NC events. During 3.15 3.27 events, invasion plumes greatly degraded large areas NC, extreme low 50 500 m recorded at most sites 15 28 March, respectively. Despite shorter duration event relative event, sun larger peak AOD (∼2.5) former than latter (∼2.0), mainly attributed short-term intrusion coarse-mode particles effective radii (∼1.9 µm) volume concentrations (∼2.0 µm3 µm−2) event. The shortwave direct aerosol forcing induced by estimated be −92.1 −111.4 W m−2 top atmosphere, −184.7 −296.2 surface, +92.6 +184.8 atmosphere CALIOP show that plume lifted an altitude 4–8 km, its range impact extended source eastern coast China. In contrast, lifting height lower confirmed lidar observations. MODIS-retrieved DOD data registered massive intense episode same period history 2 decades. These were associated both circulation extremes local anomalies favored enhanced emissions Gobi Desert (GD) across southern Mongolia NC. Meteorological analysis revealed triggered exceptionally strong Mongolian cyclone generated nearly location (along central plateau Inner Mongolia) conjunction surface-level cold high-pressure system rear, albeit differences magnitude spatial extent impact. GD, early melting spring snow caused near-surface temperature regions, together negative soil moisture decreased precipitation, formed drier barer surfaces, allowed for increased into strongly surface winds cyclone.

Language: Английский

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Identifying the dominant local factors of 2000–2019 changes in dust loading over East Asia

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 777, P. 146064 - 146064

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Historical footprints and future projections of global dust burden from bias-corrected CMIP6 models

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Dust aerosols significantly affect the Earth’s climate, not only as a source of radiation, but also ice nuclei, cloud condensation nuclei and thus CO 2 exchange between atmosphere ocean. However, there are large deviations in dust model simulations due to limited observations on global scale. Based ten initial Climate Models Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6) models, multi-model ensemble (MME) approximately underestimates future changes mass loading (DML) by 7–21%, under four scenarios shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Therefore, this study primarily constrains CMIP6 various emission applying an equidistant cumulative distribution function (EDCDF) method combined with Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Applications version (MERRA2) datasets based observation assimilation. We find that results (19.0–26.1 Tg) 2000–2014 closer MERRA2 (20.0–24.8 than (4.4–37.5 Tg), deviation reduced up 75.6%. emphasize DML during 2081–2100 is expected increase 0.023 g m –2 North Africa Atlantic region, while decreasing 0.006 Middle East Asia. In comparison internal variability scenario uncertainty, uncertainty accounts more 70% total uncertainty. When bias correction applied, decreases 65% 90%, resulting similar variance contribution variability.

Language: Английский

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How much do atmospheric depressions and Mongolian cyclones contribute to spring dust activities in East Asia?

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Seasonal variability and trends in global type-segregated aerosol optical depth as revealed by MISR satellite observations

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 787, P. 147543 - 147543

Published: May 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Weakened dust activity over China and Mongolia from 2001 to 2020 associated with climate change and land-use management

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 124056 - 124056

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Abstract Dust cycle is actively involved in the Earth’s climate and environmental systems. However, spatiotemporal pattern recent trend of dust emission from drylands East Asia remain unclear. By calculating aerosol optical depth (DOD) newly released moderate resolution imaging spectrometer products, we obtain a relatively long satellite-based time series activity 2001 to 2020 over China Mongolia. We identify pronounced interannual variability that consistent with ground-based meteorological observations study area. A substantial reduction spring northern also found, which seems accordance long-term weakening since 1970s has been attributed wind speed decline by previous studies. spatial trends both annual mean seasonal during last 20 years divergent, most significant diminishing found north-central where large-scale vegetation restoration projects have implemented. It indicates addition potential contribution change, land-use change plays an important role inhibition emission. The current results show occurs intensively spring, followed summer weaker autumn winter. winter increased significantly NW despite overall decreasing other two seasons, probably associated different atmospheric land surface conditions. Finally, DOD distribution reveals Tarim Basin, Gobi Qaidam Basin Deserts are three major sources Asia. Compared ground spatially limited distributed unevenly, remote sensing provides complement, it can serve as reference for identification using methods such geochemical fingerprint modeling.

Language: Английский

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The Significant Contribution of Small-Sized and Spherical Aerosol Particles to the Decreasing Trend in Total Aerosol Optical Depth over Land from 2003 to 2018

Engineering, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 82 - 92

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

The optical and microphysical properties of aerosols remain one the greatest uncertainties associated with evaluating climate forcing attributed to aerosols. Although trends in aerosol depth (AOD) at global regional scales have been widely examined, little attention has paid type-dependent AODs related particle properties. Here, using component dataset from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument, we investigate decadal-scale total loading as well for five components by size morphology during 2003–2018 over land. Relationships between AOD (TAOD) changes were relative contribution each overall TAOD was quantified. By dividing values into four different pollution levels (APLs) splits 0.15, 0.40, 0.80, further explored relationships interannual variations frequency-of-occurrences (FoOs) these APLs. Long-term FoOs APLs show that there a significant improvement air quality 2003 2018 most land areas, except South Asia, corresponding shift lightly polluted clean conditions. However, effects on are regionally dependent their extent correlation varied spatially. Moreover, observed annual mean decreased 0.47%·a−1 since (P < 0.05). This reduction mainly continued small-sized (< 0.7 mm diameter) (SAOD) (−0.74%·a−1) spherical (SPAOD) (−0.46%·a−1). Statistical analysis shows SAOD SPAOD respectively accounted 57.5% 89.6% TAOD, but contributed 82.6% 90.4% trend TAOD. Our study suggests composed sulfate, organic matter, black carbon play dominant role determining variability

Language: Английский

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The historical to future linkage of Arctic amplification on extreme precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere using CMIP5 and CMIP6 models

Advances in Climate Change Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 573 - 583

Published: July 20, 2024

Arctic warming played a dominant role in recent occurrences of extreme events over the Northern Hemisphere, but climate models cannot accurately simulate relationship. Here significant positive correlation (0.33–0.95) between precipitation and amplification (AA) is found using observations CMIP5/6 multi-model ensembles. However, CMIP6 are superior to CMIP5 simulating temporal evolution AA. According 14 optimal models, maximum latitude planetary waves strength Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) will increase with increasing AA, contributing increased Hemisphere. Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5-8.5, AA expected by 0.85 °C per decade while 2.82° decade. Additionally, amplitude NAM 0.21 hPa decade, rise 1.17% for R95pTOT 0.86% R99pTOT 2100.

Language: Английский

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Aircraft observations of aerosol and BC during the East Asian dust storm event: Vertical profiles, size distribution and mixing state

Atmospheric Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327, P. 120492 - 120492

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Extreme Saharan dust events expand northward over the Atlantic and Europe, prompting record-breaking PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 episodes

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 12031 - 12053

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Abstract. Unprecedented extreme Saharan dust (duxt) events have recently expanded northward from subtropical NW Africa to the Atlantic and Europe, with severe impacts on Canary Islands, mainland Spain continental Portugal. These six historic duxt episodes occurred 3–5 22–29 February 2020, 15–21 2021, 14–17 January 2022, 29 January–1 14–20 March 2022. We analyzed data of 341 governmental air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) in (330) Portugal (11), where PM10 PM2.5 are measured European norm (EN) standards, found that during concentrations underestimated due technical limitations some monitors meaning they can not properly measure extremely high concentrations. assessed consistency reconstructed 1690 (1 h average) points 48 7 AQMSs Portugal, respectively, by using our novel “duxt-r” method. During events, 1 average were within range 1000–6000 µg m−3 400–1200 m−3, respectively. The intense winds leading massive plumes meteorological dipoles formed a blocking anticyclone over western Europe cutoff low located southwest, near Islands Cape Verde, or into Sahara. cyclones reached this region via two main paths: deviating southward mid-latitude westerly circulation tropical belt. analysis 2000–2022 time series shows these no precedent region. 2020 event led (24 600–1840 200–404 being most episode ever recorded Islands. 2022 values 500–3070 100–690 southeastern Spain, 200–1000 60–260 central 150–500 75–130 northern regions ranges 200–650 30–70 regions. All anomalies Northern Hemisphere characterized anticyclones shifting higher latitudes, anomalous pressure expanding beyond belt amplified Rossby waves. New studies reported recent record-breaking linked dipole-induced North Asia paradoxical context multidecadal decrease emissions, topic requires further investigation.

Language: Английский

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