Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
129(15)
Published: Aug. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
Tibetan
Plateau
(TP)
provides
vital
water
resources
for
downstream
regions,
with
spring
precipitation
contributing
considerably
to
the
annual
totals
over
southeastern
TP.
added
value
of
convection‐permitting
modeling
in
simulating
climate
TP
is
uncertain.
Here,
we
conducted
and
compared
decade‐long
regional
(3.3
km)
convection‐parameterized
(13.2
Icosahedral
Nonhydrostatic
Weather
Climate
Model
(ICON)
simulations
reproduce
atmospheric
cycle
Results
indicated
that
3.3
km
mesh
ICON
(ICON_3.3
exhibited
notable
ICON_3.3
reduced
wet
biases
ERA5
reanalysis
13.2
(ICON_13.2
simulations,
improved
simulation
surface
evaporation
central
eastern
reduction
simulated
was
primarily
followed
by
a
decrease
from
March
May,
second
vapor
flux
convergence
May
due
decreased
inflow
Furthermore,
ICON_13.2
km,
alleviated
“drizzling”
bias,
leading
drier
soils
evaporation,
lead
3%
fraction
converted
into
precipitation.
Sensitivity
experiments
at
resolution
but
turning
off
convection
parameterization
demonstrated
both
explicit
representation
enhanced
horizontal
were
crucial
accurately
representing
Our
results
highlighted
need
develop
kilometer‐scale
models
successfully
reproducing
characteristics
across
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
Abstract
Tianshan
Mountains
are
the
headwater
regions
for
central
Asia
rivers,
providing
water
resources
ecological
protection
and
economic
development
in
semiarid
regions.
Due
to
scarce
observations,
hydroclimatic
characteristics
of
Precipitation
(TMP)
measured
over
highland
(>1500
m)
remain
be
revealed.
Here,
we
show
TMP
belongs
a
monsoon-like
climate
regime,
with
distinct
annual
range
high
ratio
summer-to-yearly
rainfall,
exhibits
six
abrupt
changes,
dividing
cycle
into
precipitation
sub-seasons.
Over
past
60
years,
yearly
has
significantly
increased
by
17.3%,
dramatic
increase
winter
(135.7%).
The
displays
significant
40-day
climatological
intra-seasonal
oscillation
(CISO)
summer.
CISO’s
wet
phase
results
from
confrontation
eastward
propagating
mid-tropospheric
Balkhash
Lake
Low
southward
migrating
Mongolian
High.
sudden
changes
two
circulation
systems
trigger
TMP’s
shaping
CISO.
Emerging
scientific
issues
also
discussed.
Frontiers in Earth Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: April 12, 2023
The
climate
system
of
the
Third
Pole
region,
including
(TP)
and
its
surroundings,
is
highly
sensitive
to
global
warming.
Mesoscale
convective
systems
(MCSs)
are
understood
be
a
vital
component
this
system.
Driven
by
monsoon
circulation,
surface
heating,
large-scale
local
moisture
supply,
they
frequently
occur
during
summer
mostly
over
central
eastern
TP
as
well
in
downstream
regions.
Further,
MCSs
have
been
highlighted
important
contributors
total
precipitation
efficient
rain
producers
affecting
water
availability
(seasonal
precipitation)
potential
flood
risk
(extreme
densely
populated
multi-decadal
satellite
observations
high-resolution
model
datasets
has
made
it
possible
study
role
under-observed
balance.
However,
usage
different
methods
for
MCS
identification
focuses
on
specific
subregions
currently
hamper
systematic
consistent
assessment
played
their
impact
headwaters
Here,
we
review
observational
studies
region
within
common
framework
elucidate
main
characteristics,
underlying
mechanisms,
seasonal
extreme
precipitation.
We
also
identify
major
knowledge
gaps
provide
suggestions
how
these
can
addressed
using
recently
published
datasets.
Three
identified
1)
feedback
other
components
system,
2)
changing
future
3)
basin-scale
drought
risks
associated
with
changes
frequency
intensity.
A
particularly
promising
tool
address
convection-permitting
simulations.
Therefore,
evaluation
existing
historical
simulations
an
urgent
requirement
reliable
change
assessments.
Abstract
The
Tibetan
Plateau
faces
changing
precipitation
and
environmental
conditions
affecting
alpine
ecosystems
downstream
freshwater
sustainability.
While
aerosol
influence
has
been
highlighted,
how
human-induced
greenhouse
warming
impacts
the
plateau’s
moisture
recycling
remains
unclear.
Here
we
show
that
Plateau’s
recent
changes
result
from
enhanced
convergence
offset
decline
in
monsoon-
westerly-associated
transport
based
on
40-year
Lagrangian
simulations
water
budget
analyses.
Local
evapotranspiration
is
observed
to
increase
faster
percentage
than
precipitation,
a
trend
expected
continue
future
scenarios
according
climate
projections.
Greenhouse
gas
emission
causes
widespread
wetting
while
weakening
southerly
monsoons
across
Himalayas,
heightening
sensitivity
of
thereby
local
land
surface
changes.
This
exacerbates
vulnerability
cycle
high
mountain
Asia,
calling
for
proactive
management
address
potential
risks
ensure
food
security
Asia.
Climate Dynamics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
62(2), P. 933 - 953
Published: Sept. 16, 2023
Abstract
As
near-surface
wind
speed
plays
a
role
in
regulating
surface
evaporation
and
thus
the
hydrological
cycle,
it
is
crucial
to
explore
its
spatio-temporal
characteristics.
However,
in-situ
measurements
are
scarce
over
Tibetan
Plateau,
limiting
understanding
of
climate
across
this
high-elevation
region.
This
study
explores
climatology
Plateau
by
using
for
first
time
homogenized
observations
together
with
reanalysis
products
regional
model
simulations.
Measuring
stations
center
west
plateau
at
higher
elevations
display
mean
standard
deviation,
confirming
that
increases
increasing
altitude.
By
exploring
characteristics
focus
on
seasonal
cycle
through
cluster
analysis,
three
regions
distinct
regimes
can
be
identified:
(1)
central
characterized
high
elevation;
(2)
eastern
peripheral
areas
plateau;
(3)
Qaidam
basin,
topographic
depression
strongly
influenced
blocking
effect
surrounding
mountainous
terrain.
Notably,
ERA5
reanalysis,
improvements
horizontal,
vertical,
temporal
spacing,
physics
data
assimilation,
demonstrates
closer
agreement
measured
conditions
than
predecessor
ERA-Interim.
It
successfully
reproduces
identified
regimes.
newest
ERA5-Land
product
does
not
show
compared
ERA5,
most
likely
because
they
share
parametrizations.
Furthermore,
two
dynamical
downscalings
analyzed
here
fail
capture
observed
statistics
exhibit
notable
biases
discrepancies
also
when
investigating
diurnal
variations.
Consequently,
these
high-resolution
downscaling
do
add
value
reproducing
Plateau.
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. 283 - 283
Published: Jan. 10, 2024
Temperature
and
precipitation
are
crucial
indicators
for
investigating
climate
changes,
necessitating
precise
measurements
rigorous
scientific
inquiry.
While
the
Fifth
Generation
of
European
Centre
Medium-Range
Weather
Forecasts
Atmospheric
Reanalysis
(ERA5),
ERA5
Land
Surface
(ERA5-Land),
China
Meteorological
Forcing
Dataset
(CMFD)
temperature
products
widely
used
worldwide,
their
suitability
Altay
region
arid
semi-arid
areas
has
received
limited
attention.
Here,
we
as
study
area,
utilizing
meteorological
station
data
implementing
residual
revision
method
coefficient
to
rectify
inaccuracies
in
monthly
records
from
ERA5-Land,
ERA5,
CMFD.
We
evaluate
accuracy
these
datasets
before
after
correction
using
bias,
Taylor
diagrams,
root-mean-square
error
(RMSE)
metrics.
Additionally,
employ
Tropical
Rainfall
Measuring
Mission
satellite
(TRMM)
a
benchmark
assess
performance
CMFD
correction.
The
results
revealed
significant
differences
capture
capabilities
region.
Overall,
exhibit
substantial
errors
not
directly
suitable
research.
However,
applied
methods.
After
this
revision,
showed
significantly
improved
capabilities,
especially
ERA5-Land.
In
terms
temperature,
post-revision-CMFD
(CMFDPR)
demonstrated
better
capabilities.
All
three
weaker
mountainous
regions
compared
plains.
Notably,
post-revision-ERA5
(ERA5PR)
seemed
unsuitable
capturing
Concerning
rain,
CMFDPR,
post-revision-ERA5-Land
(ERA5-LandPR)
ERA5PR
outperformed
TRMM
precipitation.
CMFDPR
ERA5-LandPR
both
outperform
ERA5PR.
summary,
effectively
compensated
sparse
distribution
stations
region,
providing
reliable
support
studying
change
areas.
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: May 3, 2024
Abstract
With
the
rapid
global
warming
in
recent
decades,
Tibetan
Plateau
(TP)
has
suffered
severe
impacts,
such
as
glacier
retreat,
glacial
lake
expansion,
and
permafrost
degradation,
which
threaten
lives
properties
of
local
downstream
populations.
Regional
Reanalysis
(RR)
is
vital
for
TP
due
to
limitations
observations.
In
this
work,
a
62-year
(1961–2022)
long
atmospheric
regional
reanalysis
with
spatial
resolution
9
km
(convective
gray-zone
scale)
temporal
1
hour
over
(TPRR)
was
developed
using
Weather
Research
Forecasting
(WRF)
model,
combined
re-initialization
method,
spectral
nudging
(SN),
several
optimizations.
TPRR
forced
by
ERA5
at
hourly
intervals.
outperforms
ERA5,
realistically
capturing
climatological
characteristics
seasonal
variations
precipitation
T2m
(air
temperature
2m
above
ground
level).
Moreover,
better
reproduces
frequency
intensity
precipitation,
well
diurnal
cycle
precipitation.
This
study
also
quantifies
wetting
trend
0.0071
mm/year
amid
TPRR.
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract
The
Tibetan
Plateau
(TP)
significantly
impacts
the
global
climate.
TP's
unique
geographical
conditions
make
it
one
of
areas
with
largest
precipitation
biases
in
numerical
models.
overestimation
and
distribution
models
are
closely
related
to
parameterization
convection
processes
over
TP.
In
light
this,
a
new
deep
convective
entrainment
rate
suitable
for
region
is
developed
based
on
observational
data
applied
Grell‐Freitas
Ensemble
Scheme
Weather
Research
Forecasting
Model.
scheme
reduces
simulated
TP,
decreasing
from
29.4%
default
11.8%.
physical
mechanism
behind
improved
simulation
results
as
follows:
first,
closer
observed
results.
Second,
terms
cloud
macrophysics,
increases
rate,
top
height
depth
clouds,
decreases
number
grids
updrafts
vertical
layers
surface.
Third,
microphysics,
increased
water
content
weakens
intensity
precipitation.
All
these
mechanisms
ultimately
reduce
accumulated
amount,
providing
an
optimized
modeling
tool
weather
climate
research
which
also
aids
better
assessing
cycle
resource
reserves
“Asian
Water
Tower.”
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
61(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract
Mountain
runoff
is
a
vital
water
source
for
irrigation
in
global
arid
regions.
Investigating
the
roles
of
major
mountain
components
such
as
snowmelt
and
glacier‐melt,
on
downstream
availability
important
understanding
resource
security.
Snowmelt
glacier‐melt
have
different
timing
availability.
However,
their
potentially
distinct
impacts
supplies
been
seldom
investigated
previously.
This
study
proposes
novel
indicator,
Irrigation
Dependence
Component
(
IDC
),
to
assess
individual
impact
availability,
considering
supply,
demand
relationship.
Applying
Yarkant
River
basin
(YRB)
China’s
region,
mainly
fed
by
from
northern
Tibetan
Plateau,
reveals
that,
despite
being
primary
contributor
total
YRB,
generally
more
reliant
due
seasonal
variations
supply/demand
Further
sensitivity
tests
under
48
climate
scenarios
indicate
that
significantly
increases
drier
climates,
while
decreases
warms,
implying
increased
importance
future,
especially
conditions
during
transition
season.
Additionally,
crucial
role
anthropogenic
factors,
including
changes
planting
area
use
efficiency,
influencing
highlighted
improved
estimation.
provides
implications
how
cryosphere
resources
management
an
efficient
indicator
further
studies
glacierized
basins
globally.