Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Performance: Importance in Biotic and Abiotic Stressed Regulation

Diversity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 370 - 370

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants. These soil microorganisms enhance the plant’s nutrient uptake by extending root absorbing area. In return, symbiont receives plant carbohydrates for completion of its life cycle. AMF also helps plants to cope biotic and abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature, heavy metal, diseases, pathogens. For stresses, mechanisms adaptation these are generally linked increased hydromineral nutrition, ion selectivity, gene regulation, production osmolytes, synthesis phytohormones antioxidants. Regarding involved in pathogen resistance including competition colonization sites improvement defense system. Furthermore, have a positive impact on ecosystems. They improve quality aggregation, drive structure bacteria communities, ecosystem stability. Thus, colonized will use more compared without mycorrhizae. this review, we present contribution growth performance stressed environments.

Language: Английский

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Plant sugars: Homeostasis and transport under abiotic stress in plants

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 171(4), P. 739 - 755

Published: Nov. 20, 2020

The sessile nature of plants' life is endowed with a highly evolved defense system to adapt and survive under environmental extremes. To combat such stresses, plants have developed complex well-coordinated molecular metabolic networks encompassing genes, metabolites, acclimation responses. These modulate growth, photosynthesis, osmotic maintenance, carbohydrate homeostasis. Under given stress condition, sugars act as key players in perception, signaling, are regulatory hub for stress-mediated gene expression ensuring responses adjustment, scavenging reactive oxygen species, maintaining the cellular energy status through carbon partitioning. Several sugar transporters known regulate partitioning signal transduction steps involved perception biotic abiotic stresses. Sugar SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER (SWEETs), SUCROSE TRANSPORTERS (SUTs), MONOSACCHARIDE (MSTs) loading unloading well long-distance transport (source sink) besides orchestrating oxidative tolerance. It thus necessary understand structure-function relationship these fine-tune stress-modulated Advances genomics unraveled many signaling components playing role cross-talk pathways. An integrated omics approach may aid identification characterization that could become targets developing tolerance mitigate climate change effects improve crop yield. In this review, we presented an up-to-date analysis homeostasis stresses describe structure functions

Language: Английский

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Plants’ Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2253 - 2253

Published: June 8, 2023

Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and development, leading to physiological abnormalities ultimately threatening global food security. The condition arises from excessive salt accumulation in the soil, primarily due anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, improper land uses, overfertilization. presence of Na⁺, Cl-, other related ions soil above normal levels can disrupt cellular functions lead alterations essential metabolic processes seed germination photosynthesis, causing damage tissues even death worst circumstances. To counteract effects stress, plants have developed various mechanisms, including modulating ion homeostasis, compartmentalization export, biosynthesis osmoprotectants. Recent advances genomic proteomic technologies enabled identification genes proteins involved salt-tolerance mechanisms. This review provides short overview impact salinity on underlying mechanisms salt-stress tolerance, particularly salt-stress-responsive associated with these aims at summarizing recent our understanding tolerance providing key background knowledge for improving crops' which could contribute yield quality enhancement major crops grown under saline conditions or arid semiarid regions world.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating Soil Salinity Stress with Gypsum and Bio-Organic Amendments: A Review

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1735 - 1735

Published: Aug. 29, 2021

Salinity impedes soil and crop productivity in over 900 million ha of arable lands worldwide due to the excessive accumulation salt (NaCl). To utilize saline soils agriculture, halophytes (salt-tolerant plants) are commonly cultivated. However, most food crops glycophytes (salt-sensitive). Thus, enhance soils, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) as well bio-organic (combined use organic materials, such compost straw with inoculation beneficial microbes) amendments have been continuously recognized improve biological, physical chemical properties soils. CaSO4·2H2O regulates exchange sodium (Na+) for calcium (Ca2+) on clay surfaces, thereby increasing Ca2+/Na+ ratio solution. Intracellularly, Ca2+ also promotes a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Simultaneously, furnishes sulfur (S) enhanced growth yield through increased production phytohormones, amino acids, glutathione osmoprotectants, which vital elicitors plants’ responses salinity stress. Likewise, matter carbon content, nutrient cycling, porosity, water holding capacity, enzyme activities biodiversity Overall, integrated application cultivating is highly promising strategy enhancing

Language: Английский

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Roles of microRNAs in abiotic stress response and characteristics regulation of plant

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding endogenous small RNAs (long 20-24 nucleotides) that negatively regulate eukaryotes gene expression at post-transcriptional level via cleavage or/and translational inhibition targeting mRNA. Based on the diverse roles miRNA in regulating expression, research identification target genes has been carried out, and growing body demonstrated miRNAs act involved various biological functions plants. It an important influence plant growth development, morphogenesis, stress response. Recent case studies indicate miRNA-mediated regulation pattern may improve agronomic properties confer abiotic resistance plants, so as to ensure sustainable agricultural production. In this regard, we focus recent updates their targets responding including low temperature, high drought, soil salinity, heavy metals, well plant-growing development. particular, review highlights achieving desirable traits crops. Herein, main strategies crop improvement were summarized. Furthermore, miRNA-related challenges future perspectives plants have discussed. miRNA-based lays foundation for exploring regulatory mechanism, which aims provide insights into potential form breeding.

Language: Английский

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Role of bZIP Transcription Factors in Plant Salt Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7893 - 7893

Published: April 26, 2023

Soil salinity has become an increasingly serious problem worldwide, greatly limiting crop development and yield, posing a major challenge to plant breeding. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are the most widely distributed conserved main regulators controlling various response processes against external stimuli. The bZIP protein contains two domains: highly conserved, DNA-binding alkaline region, diverse zipper, which is one of largest factor families in plants. Plant involved many biological processes, such as flower development, seed maturation, dormancy, senescence, plays important role abiotic stresses salt damage, drought, cold osmotic stress, mechanical ABA signal response. In addition, regulation insect pests pathogen infection through salicylic acid, jasmonic transduction pathways. This review summarizes discusses structural characteristics functional characterization group, complex its molecular mechanisms related stress resistance, resistance. provides theoretical basis research ideas for further exploration stress-related functions factors. It also genetic improvement green production agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Biochar-plant interaction and detoxification strategies under abiotic stresses for achieving agricultural resilience: A critical review

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 114408 - 114408

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

The unpredictable climatic perturbations, the expanding industrial and mining sectors, excessive agrochemicals, greater reliance on wastewater usage in cultivation, landfill leachates, are collectively causing land degradation affecting thereby reducing food production globally. Biochar can generally mitigate unfavourable effects brought about by perturbations (drought, waterlogging) degraded soils to sustain crop production. It also reduce bioavailability phytotoxicity of pollutants contaminated via immobilization inorganic and/or organic contaminants, commonly through surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, adsorption, co-precipitation. When biochar is applied soil, it typically neutralizes soil acidity, enhances cation exchange capacity, water holding aeration, microbial activity. Thus, has been was widely used as an amendment ameliorate abiotic/biotic stress. This review discusses addition under certain conditions (salinity, drought, flooding heavy metal stress) improve plant resilience undergoing these perturbations. with other stimulants like compost, humic acid, phytohormones, microbes nanoparticles could be synergistic some situation enhance survivorship especially saline, waterlogged arid conditions. Overall, provide effective low-cost solution, nutrient-poor highly cultivation.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating soil salinity stress with titanium gypsum and biochar composite materials: Improvement effects and mechanism

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 321, P. 138127 - 138127

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Biochar and saline soil: mitigation strategy by incapacitating the ecological threats to agricultural land

International Journal of Phytoremediation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 1269 - 1279

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Soil salinity caused a widespread detrimental issue that hinders productivity in agriculture and ecological sustainability, while waste-derived soil amendments like biochar have drawn attention for their capacity to act as mitigating agent, by enhancing the physical chemical features of soil, contributing recovery agricultural waste resources. However, information concerning which affect physicochemical characteristics soils, crop physiology, growth is limited. To investigate whether mitigates stress on wheat seedlings, we grow them with (120 mM), (20 tons ha−1), its interactive effects. The properties organic carbon (SOC), matter (SOM), dissolved (DOC), available phosphorus (SAP) decreased saline 36.71%, 46.97%, 26.31%, 15.00%, treatment increased SOC, DOC, SAP contents 7.42%, 31.57%, respectively. On other hand, nitrogen (DON) all treatments compared control. root traits, SPAD values, leaf nitrogen, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species increasing treatment. Thus, these activities resulted higher leaves biomass alone biochar. According principal component analysis, redundancy mantel test, using conjunction was found be more effective than alone. results this study suggest can used sustainable technique means mitigation agent lowering crops.

Language: Английский

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles foliar use and arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation retrieved salinity tolerance in Dracocephalum moldavica L. by modulating growth responses and essential oil constituents

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The production of medicinal plants under stressful environments offers an alternative to meet the requirements sustainable agriculture. action mycorrhizal fungus; Funneliformis mosseae and zinc in stimulating growth stress tolerance is intriguing area research. current study evaluated combined use nano-zinc fungus on physiochemical responses Dracocephalum moldavica salinity stress. employed a factorial based completely randomized design with three replications. treatments were different levels (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl), two mycorrhiza application (0 5 g kg− 1 soil), foliar spraying nano oxide 1000 ppm). Salinity decreased photosynthetic pigments content, SPAD value, chlorophyll fluorescence data (Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm). Plant dry weight, Na+ essential oil content significantly higher at 50 + co-application oxide. Electrolyte leakage increased salt stress, while inoculation compensated for trait. main constituents geranyl acetate, nerol, geranial, geraniol, viridiflorol, hexadecane, humulene, germacrene D. Energy metabolism demonstrates effectiveness treatment combinations promoting biosynthesis accumulation components. overall results more comprehensive field-based studies would be advisable extension section utilize marginal salty lands reliable valuable plant.

Language: Английский

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