How salt stress-responsive proteins regulate plant adaptation to saline conditions

Plant Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 108(3), P. 175 - 224

Published: Dec. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Research Challenges and Perspectives in Ecophysiology of Plants Affected by Salinity Stress

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 734 - 734

Published: March 22, 2023

Soil salinization processes have increased over the years and affect large parts of agricultural fields. The purpose this review was to highlight most important aspects regarding potential effects soil salinity on plants. In current context climate change, extreme weather drought periods can lead plant metabolic dysfunctionalities accumulation salt ions because increasing need for irrigation. limiting factor, salinity, has a highly negative impact growth independent appearance either natural or anthropic status. include decreased leaf development rate, low water level in all plant, reduced cell division elongation, low-intensity photosynthetic rate. Other are directly related stomata closure, transpiration, CO2 level, limitations seed germination. However, there also some positive presence soil. field offers unlimited possibilities research order activate pathways that help plants become resistant stress. Several physiological parameters benefit from concentration (halopriming), such as germination, vigor, rapid seedling growth, number. Further studies should focus both increase salinity.

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 11, 2023

Sorghum is emerging as a model crop for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses with abundant uses, including food, feed, fuel, among others. It currently the fifth most significant primary cereal crop. Crops are subjected to various biotic abiotic stresses, which negatively impact on agricultural production. Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, climate-resilient cultivars can be achieved through marker-assisted breeding. Such selection has considerably reduced time market new varieties adapted challenging conditions. In recent years, extensive knowledge was gained about genetic markers. We providing an overview current advances in sorghum breeding initiatives, special focus early breeders who may not familiar DNA Advancements molecular plant breeding, genetics, selection, genome editing have contributed thorough understanding markers, provided proofs variety accessible plants, substantially enhanced technologies. Marker-assisted accelerated precised process, empowering all around world.

Language: Английский

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Progress of Research on the Physiology and Molecular Regulation of Sorghum Growth under Salt Stress by Gibberellin

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6777 - 6777

Published: April 5, 2023

Plant growth often encounters diverse abiotic stresses. As a global resource-based ecological problem, salinity is widely distributed and one of the major stresses affecting crop yields worldwide. Sorghum, cereal with medium salt tolerance great value for development utilization salted soils, an important source food, brewing, energy, forage production. However, in soils high concentrations, sorghum experiences low emergence suppressed metabolism. It has been demonstrated that effects stress on germination seedling can be effectively mitigated to certain extent by exogenous amendment hormonal gibberellin (GA). At present, most studies at home abroad focus morphological physiological levels, including transcriptome analysis hormone tolerance, metabolism pathway, mining key regulation genes. The high-throughput sequencing technology increasingly used study resistance, which significance plant resistance gene excavation mechanism. In this study, we aimed review GA leaf traits seedlings further analyze response leaves development. This not only focuses role but also explores signal transduction pathways performance their responsive genes under stress, thus helping clarify mechanism regulating production stress. will serve as reference molecular discovery related new varieties.

Language: Английский

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Understanding salinity stress responses in sorghum: exploring genotype variability and salt tolerance mechanisms

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Salinity, a significant abiotic stressor, adversely affects global plant growth. To address this, monitoring genetic diversity within species germplasm for salt tolerance traits is vital. This study investigates the responses of ten sorghum genotypes to varying stress levels (control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 NaCl), aiming assess diversity. Using randomized complete block design with three replications split-plot arrangement, treatments were assigned main plots, placed in sub-plots. Physiological attributes, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 concentration, leaf area index, chlorophyll concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, measured during 50% flowering stage. Fresh forage yield was evaluated at early dough stage, while dry sodium/potassium concentrations determined post-drying. Salinity induced 10–23% 21–47% reductions fresh respectively, across genotypes. Forage also declined by 11–33% NaCl 30–58% NaCl. Increased oxidative markers, proline, soluble carbohydrates, activity accompanied salinity. Genotypes exhibited diverse responses, Payam showing notable indicators Pegah GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation. In indices, Sepideh excelled outperformed high Our findings highlight importance combating stress, managing water-related maintaining ionic homeostasis sorghum’s resilience. Key like K/Na ratio, MDA, MSI, SOD, proline effectively differentiate between tolerant sensitive genotypes, offering valuable insights breeding. Salt-tolerant exhibit stable photosynthesis, improved function, membrane integrity through efficient osmotic regulation activity. capability enables them sustain performance, minimizing final product loss. The results suggest cultivating salt-tolerant saline areas increased sustainable production, emerging as promising candidates further testing salt-affected environments obtain reliable data.

Language: Английский

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Optimization of nitrogen regulates the ionic homeostasis, potassium efficiency, and proline content to improve the growth, yield, and quality of maize under salinity stress

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 105836 - 105836

Published: June 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Potentiality of Melatonin for Reinforcing Salinity Tolerance in Sorghum Seedlings via Boosting Photosynthetic Pigments, Ionic and Osmotic Homeostasis and Reducing the Carbonyl/Oxidative Stress Markers

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract Salinity stress has become a major threat to worldwide crop production. Exogenous melatonin (MT) appeared as promising treatment against salt in several plant species. However, MT effect on the tolerance of sorghum plants under different saline conditions (moderate and severe) remains ambiguous. This study was carried out explore impact (0, 50, 100 200 µM) foliar application seedlings grown moderate severe using sodium chloride, NaCl (75 150 µM NaCl). treatments were applied solution sand medium pots. The results demonstrated that rising salinity level negatively affected growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls carotenoids), leaf water status ionic homeostasis (sodium, potassium, calcium ions). Applied-MT specifically at or enhanced osmotic balance, cell membrane stabilizing relative content. These effects associated with an obvious restriction hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) methylglyoxal. Moreover, antioxidant activities peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes modulated by treatments. Molecular docking modeling assessment illustrated top-ranked confirmations between target enzymes. forms multiple bonds key amino acid residues for glycine (A: 162), tryptophan 41), leucine 165), tyrosine 235) active site peroxidase. alkyl interactions 37), arginine 38) cysteine 168) also contribute its high affinity. Despite is commonly moderately tolerant stress, this confirmed sensitivity wide range early growth stages. Melatonin spraying led improvements various morphological, physiological biochemical mechanisms harmonized together confer resistance salt-stressed seedlings.

Language: Английский

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Role of Vacuolar Membrane Transport Systems in Plant Salinity Tolerance

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 1364 - 1401

Published: April 11, 2022

Abstract About 20% of all irrigated land is adversely affected by salinity hazards and therefore understanding plant defense mechanisms against will have great impact on productivity. In the last decades, comprehension resistance at molecular level has been achieved through identification key genes encoding biomarker proteins underpinning tolerance. Implication vacuolar transport systems in tolerance one example these central rendering to saline stress. One important organelle cells vacuole that plays pivotal multiple roles cell functioning under normal stress conditions. This review thus attempts address different lines evidence supporting role membrane Vacuolar include Na + (K )/H antiporters, V-ATPase, V-PPase, Ca 2+ /H exchangers, -ATPase, ion channels, aquaporins, ABC transporters. They contribute essentially retaining a high cytosolic K /Na ratio, level, sequestrating Cl − into vacuoles, as well regulation other responsive pathways. However, little known about functions some transporters need more exploration focus. Numerous studies demonstrated activities are upregulated response stress, confirming their mechanism. The second line manipulation results successful improvement Therefore, transgene pyramiding than gene for developing genotypes with better strong productivity should gain attention future research. addition, we move step further verify experimental data obtained from either greenhouse or controlled environment field trials order support our claims.

Language: Английский

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Stomatal Regulation and Osmotic Adjustment in Sorghum in Response to Salinity

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 658 - 658

Published: May 2, 2022

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, one of the most important dryland cereal crops, is moderately tolerant soil salinity, a rapidly increasing agricultural problem due to inappropriate irrigation management and salt water intrusion into crop lands as result climate change. The mechanisms for sorghum’s tolerance high salinity have not been elucidated. This study tested whether sorghum plants adapt stress via stomatal regulation or osmotic adjustment. were treated with seven concentrations NaCl (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM). Leaf gas exchange (net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (Tr); conductance vapor (gs), intrinsic use efficiency (WUE)), (Ψw), (Ψo), turgor Ψt potentials evaluated at 40 days after imposition treatments. Plants exhibited decreased A, gs, Tr whereas WUE was affected by treatment. Additionally, adjustment salinity. Thus, appears both regulation.

Language: Английский

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Ionic Response and Sorghum Production under Water and Saline Stress in a Semi-Arid Environment

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1127 - 1127

Published: May 27, 2023

The increase in water demand regions with limited good-quality resources makes it necessary to study the effect of low-quality on plant metabolism. Therefore, objective this was evaluate and salt stress levels mineral elements accumulation toxic Na+ Cl− leaves their consequences production variables sorghum cultivar IPA SF-15. design adopted randomized blocks a factorial scheme (4 × 4), four concentrations (1.5; 3.0; 4.5, 6.0 dS m−1) irrigation depths (51.3; 70.6; 90.0, 118.4% crop evapotranspiration ETc) three repetitions. To obtain nutrient, sodium, chlorine contents leaf, we collected diagnosis leaf from six plants per plot. For data, performed two harvests at 76 95 days after planting (silage point for sucrose extraction). We evaluated dry mass, fresh mass yield, total cutting periods applied F-test 5% significance level. There an but not saline, making possible use saline irrigation. As toxicity ions, showed tolerance behavior ions. grain filling phase more sensitive than final cycle.

Language: Английский

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