Haematophagous
female
mosquitoes
differ
in
their
selection
of
hosts,
ranging
from
generalists
to
specialists.
Specialist
mosquitoes,
particularly
those
that
prefer
feed
on
humans,
constitute
a
significant
threat
human
health,
as
they
can
transmit
pathogens
causing,
e.g.
malaria,
yellow
fever,
dengue
and
West
Nile
fever.
To
select
discriminate
among
potential
vertebrate
host
species,
rely
heavily
sense
smell.
In
this
chapter,
we
distinguish
between
preference
choice,
terms
often
are
used
erroneously
conjunction
with
discrimination,
the
methods
define
these
behaviours.
Increasing
evidence
suggest
odour
blends,
composed
shared
generic
volatile
organic
compounds,
for
discrimination.
The
identity
host-related
compounds
is
discussed,
along
available
information
cognate
chemosensory
receptors
neural
circuitry.
Fundamental
knowledge
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
regulating
odour-mediated
will
continue
be
key
our
improved
understanding
genetic
basis
evolution
While
there
has
been
progress
revealing
discrimination
conclude
still
open
questions
address.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. e0010204 - e0010204
Published: Feb. 7, 2022
Culex
pipiens
quinquefasciatus
Say
(Cx.
quinquefasciatus)
and
form
molestus
Forskal
molestus)
in
the
complex
group
show
considerable
differences
host
seeking,
blood
feeding,
mating
behavior
vector
competence.
Blood-feeding
mosquito
behaviors
are
closely
related
to
their
olfactory
gene
expression
repertoire
composition.
Comparing
genes
between
these
two
subspecies
with
significantly
different
blood-feeding
can
support
further
research
on
molecular
mechanism
of
sensory
system,
providing
a
new
approach
for
determining
candidate
attractant
or
repellent
compounds.Non-blood-feeding
(NBF)
post-blood-feeding
(PBF)
system
transcriptomes
were
sequenced,
biological
functions
differentially
expressed
described
by
bioinformatics
analysis.
A
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
(qPCR)
was
applied
validate
RNA-seq
data.
The
roles
particular
receptors
Cx.
evaluated
RNAi.Five,
7,
24,
3
quinquefasciatus-specific
OBPs,
molestus-specific
ORs
identified,
respectively.
majority
selected
consistent
predicted
transcriptome
sequencing
results
after
qRT-PCR
validation.
OR5
only
quinquefasciatus,
OR65
upregulated
feeding
molestus.
rates
OR78
dsRNA
groups
lower
(4.3%±3.1%
13.3%±11.5%)
than
those
enhanced
green
fluorescence
protein
(EGFP)
(64.5%±8.7%).Most
OBPs
both
but
showed
divergence
level.
might
be
species-specific
that
regulate
molestus,
RNA
interference
could
inhibit
targets
screening
effective
compounds
control
mosquito-borne
diseases
effectively
efficiently.
Haematophagous
arthropods
rely
on
their
peripheral
olfactory
systems
to
locate
hosts,
refuges,
oviposition
sites
and
communicate
intraspecifically.
Olfactory
appendages
comprise
the
antennae
certain
mouthparts
in
insects,
first
pair
of
legs
other
arthropods.
sensory
neurons
(OSNs)
are
housed
within
hair-like
cuticular
structures
called
sensilla.
There
two
morphologically
distinct
types
sensilla:
those
with
single
walls
double
walls.
Both
found
throughout
insect
orders
acarines.
Additional
subtypes
sensilla
have
also
been
described,
while
similar
identified
based
physiological
function.
To
fully
characterise
a
sensillum
type,
scanning
electron
microscopy,
transmission
plus
molecular
assays
aimed
at
elucidating
chemical
'tuning'
OSNs
required.
Once
defined,
precise
taxonomic
comparisons
possible,
leading
better
understanding
contributions
components
inspiring
new
hypotheses
about
evolution.
In
this
chapter,
we
compare
haematophagous
arthropods,
which
act
as
vectors
disease-causing
pathogens.
Our
survey
includes
descriptions
various
across
taxa.
When
ultrastructural
analyses
responses
available,
unequivocal
functional
can
be
made.
Unfortunately,
comprehensive
studies
uncommon.
Despite
lack
robust
comparative
information,
others
propose
that
species
locating
hosts
long
distances
display
more
highly
developed
than
live
very
near
to,
or
on,
hosts.
Moreover,
loss
blood-feeding
habit
seems
correlate
reduced
numbers
We
suggest
collaborative
efforts
necessary,
wherein
specialised
equipment
skills
distributed
research
groups,
improve
our
arthropod
rapidly.
Insect Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
31(2), P. 469 - 488
Published: Dec. 17, 2023
Abstract
The
olfactory
system
of
adult
lepidopterans
is
among
the
best
described
neuronal
circuits.
However,
comparatively
little
known
about
organization
in
larval
stage
these
insects.
Here,
we
explore
expression
receptors
and
sensory
neurons
caterpillars
Pieris
brassicae
,
a
significant
pest
species
Europe
well‐studied
for
its
chemical
ecology.
To
describe
this
species,
first
analyzed
head
transcriptome
third‐instar
larvae
(L3)
identified
16
odorant
(ORs)
including
OR
coreceptor
(Orco),
13
ionotropic
(IRs),
8
gustatory
(GRs).
We
then
quantified
ORs
different
life
stages,
using
qPCR,
found
that
majority
had
significantly
higher
L4
than
L3
L5
indicating
not
static
throughout
caterpillar
development.
Using
an
Orco‐specific
antibody,
all
receptor
(ORNs)
expressing
Orco
protein
L3,
L4,
total
34
Orco‐positive
ORNs,
distributed
three
sensilla
on
antenna.
number
ORNs
did
differ
instars.
Finally,
used
retrograde
axon
tracing
antennal
nerve
mean
15
glomeruli
center
(LAC),
suggesting
follows
similar
design
as
system,
although
with
lower
numerical
redundancy.
Taken
together,
our
results
provide
detailed
analysis
P.
highlighting
both
differences
well
commonalities
system.
These
findings
contribute
to
better
understanding
development
insects
life‐stage‐specific
adaptations.
Journal of Medical Entomology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
59(1), P. 83 - 88
Published: Sept. 24, 2021
Female
Aedes
aegypti
(Linnaeus)
mosquitoes
integrate
multiple
sensory
cues
to
locate
human
hosts
for
blood
meals.
Although
male
Ae.
swarm
around
and
land
on
humans
in
nature
mate,
direct
evidence
of
attraction
is
limited.
Male
mosquito
host
often
undetectable
confined
laboratory
assays,
leading
a
misconception
that
are
not
attracted
humans.
We
used
semifield
experiments
demonstrate
robust
Human-baited
traps
captured
up
25%
released
males
within
15
min,
whereas
control
without
as
bait
failed
capture
males.
Rapid
was
further
demonstrated
through
videography.
Males
swarmed
landed
subjects,
with
no
activity
recorded
paired
unbaited
controls.
Finally,
we
confirm
the
lack
discernible
small
cages.
Our
both
female
show
humans,
but
clear
sex-specific
behavioral
differences
at
short-range.
likely
be
important
mating
success
wild
populations
its
basis
should
explored.
results
highlight
importance
arena
size
assay
design
research.
A
better
understanding
attract
could
help
us
improve
surveillance
control.
Haematophagous
female
mosquitoes
differ
in
their
selection
of
hosts,
ranging
from
generalists
to
specialists.
Specialist
mosquitoes,
particularly
those
that
prefer
feed
on
humans,
constitute
a
significant
threat
human
health,
as
they
can
transmit
pathogens
causing,
e.g.
malaria,
yellow
fever,
dengue
and
West
Nile
fever.
To
select
discriminate
among
potential
vertebrate
host
species,
rely
heavily
sense
smell.
In
this
chapter,
we
distinguish
between
preference
choice,
terms
often
are
used
erroneously
conjunction
with
discrimination,
the
methods
define
these
behaviours.
Increasing
evidence
suggest
odour
blends,
composed
shared
generic
volatile
organic
compounds,
for
discrimination.
The
identity
host-related
compounds
is
discussed,
along
available
information
cognate
chemosensory
receptors
neural
circuitry.
Fundamental
knowledge
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
regulating
odour-mediated
will
continue
be
key
our
improved
understanding
genetic
basis
evolution
While
there
has
been
progress
revealing
discrimination
conclude
still
open
questions
address.
