Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 19, 2023
Abstract
Hydrothermal
systems
can
generate
phreatic
and/or
phreatomagmatic
explosions
with
little
warning.
Understanding
the
temporal
and
spatial
evolution
of
geophysical
geochemical
signals
at
hydrothermal
is
crucial
for
detecting
precursors
to
unrest
inform
on
hazard.
Thermal
signatures
such
are
poorly
defined
because
data
records
often
too
short
or
punctual
compared
activity
timescales,
which
be
decadal.
La
Fossa
system
Vulcano
has
been
monitored
since
1980s
entered
a
period
in
2021.
We
assessed
thermal
signature
using
ground-
satellite-based
scales
ranging
from
minutes
days.
While
continuously-recording
stations
provided
continuous
but
point-based
measurements,
fumarole
field
vent
surveys
ASTER
VIIRS
images
allowed
lower
resolution
synoptic
built.
By
integrating
this
multi-resolution
set,
precursory
could
retrospectively
placed
February
June
Intensity
increased
during
summer
2021,
an
onset
over
few
days
September
September,
seismic,
CO
2
,
SO
metrics
also
indicated
unrest,
leading
Civil
Protection
raise
alert
level
yellow
October
1.
Heat
flux,
having
4
MW
May
2019,
peaked
90
120
by
March
2022.
This
ranked
as
one
highest
intensity
like
Reykjanes,
well
ahead
Yellowstone
Nysiros
thus
convolved
our
sets
all
other
monitoring
validate
Unrest
Index
(VUI)
that
potentially
applied
any
system.
The
VUI
highlighted
four
stages
none
were
clear
single
set:
baseline,
precursory,
unrest.
Onset
was
characterized
sudden
release
fluids,
likely
caused
failure
sealed
zones
had
become
pressurized
phase
began
possibly
early
ongoing
more
than
18
months,
may
continue
several
years.
Our
understanding
behavior
due
hindsight,
demonstrates
how
multiparametric
track
forecast
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 20, 2024
Abstract
Phreatic
events
may
represent
precursors
of
magmatic
eruptions,
but
they
can
also
occur
as
single
or
multiple
episodes
punctuating
the
activity
volcanoes
characterised
by
active
hydrothermal
systems.
The
Breccia
De
Fiore
deposit
represents
evidence
phreatic
preceding
fifteen
years
onset
1888–1890
eruption
at
La
Fossa
di
Vulcano.
This
study
integrates
historical
chronicles,
sedimentological
and
physical
descriptions
deposit,
3D
numerical
simulations
to
reconstruct
dynamics.
Results
indicate
that
this
was
product
multiple,
shallow
explosions
low
magnitude
(<
5×104
m3
cumulative
volume),
possibly
occurred
during
a
short
time
interval
beginning
sequence
in
1873.
produced
pyroclastic
density
currents
ballistic
fallout,
affecting
slopes
cone.
asymmetry
outcropping
on
north-western
flank
cone,
is
well
reproduced
from
an
inclined
vent
driven
(i.e.,
<
150
m
deep)
pressure
build-up
(up
5
MPa)
accumulating
fluids.
Simulations
explosion
dynamics
distribution
eruptive
products
allows
us
put
some
constraints
two
main
controlling
parameters
scenarios:
erupted
total
mass
specific
energy.
highlights
potential
impact
such
relatively
small
Vulcano
island
need
for
quantifying
their
hazards,
especially
given
proximity
populated
sites
growing
tourism
volcanic
area.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 19, 2023
Abstract
Hydrothermal
systems
can
generate
phreatic
and/or
phreatomagmatic
explosions
with
little
warning.
Understanding
the
temporal
and
spatial
evolution
of
geophysical
geochemical
signals
at
hydrothermal
is
crucial
for
detecting
precursors
to
unrest
inform
on
hazard.
Thermal
signatures
such
are
poorly
defined
because
data
records
often
too
short
or
punctual
compared
activity
timescales,
which
be
decadal.
La
Fossa
system
Vulcano
has
been
monitored
since
1980s
entered
a
period
in
2021.
We
assessed
thermal
signature
using
ground-
satellite-based
scales
ranging
from
minutes
days.
While
continuously-recording
stations
provided
continuous
but
point-based
measurements,
fumarole
field
vent
surveys
ASTER
VIIRS
images
allowed
lower
resolution
synoptic
built.
By
integrating
this
multi-resolution
set,
precursory
could
retrospectively
placed
February
June
Intensity
increased
during
summer
2021,
an
onset
over
few
days
September
September,
seismic,
CO
2
,
SO
metrics
also
indicated
unrest,
leading
Civil
Protection
raise
alert
level
yellow
October
1.
Heat
flux,
having
4
MW
May
2019,
peaked
90
120
by
March
2022.
This
ranked
as
one
highest
intensity
like
Reykjanes,
well
ahead
Yellowstone
Nysiros
thus
convolved
our
sets
all
other
monitoring
validate
Unrest
Index
(VUI)
that
potentially
applied
any
system.
The
VUI
highlighted
four
stages
none
were
clear
single
set:
baseline,
precursory,
unrest.
Onset
was
characterized
sudden
release
fluids,
likely
caused
failure
sealed
zones
had
become
pressurized
phase
began
possibly
early
ongoing
more
than
18
months,
may
continue
several
years.
Our
understanding
behavior
due
hindsight,
demonstrates
how
multiparametric
track
forecast
