Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Oct. 31, 2023
Systemic
therapy
remains
the
primary
therapeutic
approach
for
advanced
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Nonetheless,
its
efficacy
in
achieving
control
of
intrahepatic
lesions
is
constrained.
Hepatic
arterial
infusion
chemotherapy
(HAIC)
a
that
combines
localized
treatment
with
systemic
antitumor
effects,
which
aim
to
effectively
manage
progression
cancerous
within
liver,
particularly
patients
portal
vein
tumor
thrombosis
(PVTT).
Combining
HAIC
anti-programmed
cell
death
protein
1
(anti-PD-1)
monoclonal
antibody
(mAb)
immunotherapy
anticipated
emerge
as
novel
aimed
at
augmenting
response
inside
site
and
prolonged
survival
advantages.
In
order
assess
effectiveness,
safety,
applicability
various
modalities
address
potential
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
HAIC-sensitizing
immunotherapy,
we
reviewed
literature
about
combination
anti-PD-1
mAb
therapies.
International Journal of Surgery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 28, 2024
Background:
Lenvatinib
plus
Programmed
Death-1
(PD-1)
inhibitors
(LEN-P)
have
been
recommended
in
China
for
patients
with
advanced
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
However,
they
provide
limited
survival
benefits
to
extrahepatic
metastases.
We
aimed
investigate
whether
combining
hepatic
arterial
infusion
chemotherapy
(HAIC)
LEN-P
could
improve
its
efficacy.
Materials
and
Methods:
This
multi-center
cohort
study
included
HCC
metastases
who
received
HAIC
combined
(HAIC-LEN-P
group,
n=127)
or
alone
(n=103)
as
the
primary
systemic
treatment
between
January
2019
December
2022.
Baseline
data
were
balanced
using
a
one-to-one
propensity
score
matching
(PSM)
inverse
probability
of
weighting
(IPTW).
Results:
After
PSM,
HAIC-LEN-P
group
significantly
extended
median
overall
(mOS)
progression-free
(mPFS),
compared
(mOS:
27.0
months
vs.
9.0
months,
P
<0.001;
mPFS:
8.0
3.0
=0.001).
IPTW,
mOS
(hazard
ratio
(HR)=0.384,
<0.001)
mPFS
(HR=0.507,
higher
than
group.
The
group’s
objective
response
rate
was
twice
high
that
(PSM
cohort:
67.3%
29.1%,
IPTW
66.1%
27.8%,
<0.001).
Moreover,
exhibited
no
noticeable
increase
percentages
grade
3
4
adverse
events
(
>0.05).
Conclusion:
can
efficacy
may
be
an
alternative
management.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39(4), P. 746 - 753
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Abstract
Background
and
Aim
The
study
aims
to
investigate
the
efficacy
safety
of
hepatic
arterial
infusion
chemotherapy
(HAIC)
combined
with
lenvatinib
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
versus
ICIs
for
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
transarterial
chemoembolization
(TACE)
refractoriness.
Methods
Patients
intermediate
or
advanced
TACE‐refractory
HCC
who
received
without
HAIC
between
2020
2022
were
retrospectively
reviewed.
tumor
response,
overall
survival
(OS),
progression‐free
(PFS),
treatment‐related
adverse
events
(TRAEs)
evaluated
compared
two
groups.
Factors
affecting
OS
PFS
identified
univariate
multivariate
Cox
regression
analyses.
Results
A
total
121
patients
enrolled,
58
assigned
HAIC‐Len‐ICI
group
63
Len‐ICI
group.
higher
objective
response
rate
disease
control
found
in
than
(48.30%
vs
23.80%,
P
=
0.005;
87.90%
69.80%,
0.02,
respectively).
median
was
24.0
months
13.0
(
0.001).
7.2
<
Multivariable
analyses
suggested
that
presence
cirrhosis,
Child–Pugh
B
stage,
therapy
option
prognostic
factors
PFS.
incidences
any
grade
3/4
TRAEs
both
comparable
Conclusions
yielded
better
OS,
PFS,
ORR,
DCR
lenvatinib‐ICI
refractory
TACE,
manageable
events.
BMC Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: April 16, 2024
Abstract
Background
The
treatment
of
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
patients
exhibiting
high-risk
characteristics
(Vp4,
and/or
bile
duct
invasion,
tumor
occupancy
≥
50%)
lacks
standardized
approaches
and
yields
unfavorable
results.
This
study
endeavors
to
evaluate
the
safety,
efficacy,
prognostic
impacts
employing
hepatic
arterial
infusion
chemotherapy
(HAIC),
lenvatinib,
humanized
programmed
death
receptor-1
(PD-1)
in
HCC
patients.
Methods
In
this
retrospective
analysis,
with
features
were
treated
either
lenvatinib
combined
PD-1
(LEN-PD1)
or
a
combination
HAIC,
(HAIC-LEN-PD1).
assessed
antitumor
efficacy
by
calculating
overall
survival
(OS),
progression-free
(PFS),
objective
response
rate
(ORR),
disease
control
(DCR).
Treatment-related
adverse
events
(TRAEs)
analyzed
assess
safety
profiles.
Results
Between
June
2019
September
2022,
total
61
included
LEN-PD1
group,
while
103
enrolled
HAIC-LEN-PD1
group.
OS
was
9.8
months
whereas
group
exhibited
significantly
longer
median
19.3
(HR
=
0.43,
p
<
0.001).
Furthermore,
PFS
notably
extended
compared
(9.6
vs.
4.9
months,
HR
0.48,
Patients
had
higher
ORR
DCR
according
modified
RECIST
(76.7%
23.0%,
0.001;
92.2%
72.1%,
HAIC-LEN-HAIC
led
more
than
most
which
tolerable
controllable.
Conclusion
Lenvatinib,
HAIC
showed
safe
promising
anti-tumor
activity
alone
for
features.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
one
of
the
most
common
cancers
and
third
leading
cause
death
worldwide.
surgery,
transarterial
chemoembolization
(TACE),
systemic
therapy,
local
ablation
radiotherapy,
targeted
drug
therapy
with
agents
such
as
sorafenib.
However,
tumor
microenvironment
liver
cancer
has
a
strong
immunosuppressive
effect.
Therefore,
new
treatments
for
are
still
necessary.
Immune
checkpoint
molecules,
programmed
death-1
(PD-1),
death-ligand
1
(PD-L1),
cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte
antigen-4
(CTLA-4),
along
high
levels
cytokines,
induce
cell
inhibition
key
mechanisms
immune
escape
in
HCC.
Recently,
immunotherapy
based
on
inhibitors
(ICIs)
monotherapy
or
combination
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors,
anti-angiogenesis
drugs,
chemotherapy
agents,
topical
therapies
offered
great
promise
treatment
cancer.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
latest
advances
ICIs
combined
drugs
(targeted-immune
combination)
other
targeted-immune
regimens
patients
advanced
HCC
(aHCC)
unresectable
(uHCC),
provide
an
outlook
future
prospects.
The
literature
reviewed
spans
last
five
years
includes
studies
identified
using
keywords
"hepatocellular
carcinoma,"
"immune
inhibitors,"
"targeted
therapy,"
"combination
"immunotherapy".
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Dec. 21, 2024
Lenvatinib
is
a
multi-target
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitor
widely
used
in
the
treatment
of
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Its
primary
mechanism
action
involves
inhibiting
signal
pathways
such
as
vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
receptors
(VEGFR)
and
fibroblast
(FGFR),
thereby
reducing
tumor
cell
proliferation
angiogenesis
affecting
tumor's
immune
microenvironment.
In
liver
cancer,
although
lenvatinib
monotherapy
has
shown
good
clinical
effect,
problem
drug
resistance
becoming
more
serious.
This
may
be
caused
by
variety
factors,
including
genetic
mutations,
signaling
pathway
remodeling,
changes
order
to
overcome
resistance,
combination
other
therapeutic
strategies
gradually
become
research
hotspot,
it
worth
noting
that
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
application
prospect.
not
only
enhances
anti-tumor
response
but
also
helps
improve
efficacy.
However,
therapy
faces
challenges
regarding
safety
tolerability.
Therefore,
studying
mechanisms
identifying
relevant
biomarkers
particularly
important,
aids
early
diagnosis
personalized
treatment.
article
reviews
treating
efficacy
its
with
inhibitors,
causes
exploration
biomarkers,
novel
for
lenvatinib.
We
hope
provide
insights
into
use
scientific
settings,
offering
new
cancer.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Sept. 6, 2024
Peritumoral
hepatocytes
are
critical
components
of
the
liver
cancer
microenvironment,
However,
role
peritumoral
in
local
tumor
immune
interface
and
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
have
not
been
elucidated.
YTHDF2,
an
RNA
N
Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 11, P. 175 - 189
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Objective:
To
investigated
the
association
between
sarcopenia
and
prognosis
adverse
events
of
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
patients
undergoing
interventional
therapy
combined
with
immunotherapy
targeted
therapy.
Methods:
Between
January
2019
December
2022,
unresectable
HCC
who
received
were
included
in
this
study.
Total
skeletal
muscle
area
at
L3
level
was
normalized
for
height
m
2
as
index
(SMI).
All
divided
into
low
high
SMI
group
according
to
median
SMI.
Results:
Ninety-six
consecutive
eventually,
49
high-SMI
47
low-SMI
group.
In
group,
overall
survival
(OS)
459.00
days
(95%
CI,
334.76–
583.24
days),
3-,
6-,
12-month
OS
rates
100%,
89.4%
68.1%,
respectively.
not
reached,
98%
79.5%,
respectively
(
p
<
0.05).
Barcelona
Clinic
Liver
Cancer
(BCLC)
C
stage
independent
prognostic
factors
26
had
treatment-related
(TRAEs),
resulting
dose
adjustment
or
treatment
suspension
10
patients.
33
TRAEs,
18
suspension;
between-group
difference
nonsignificant
>
Conclusion:
is
associated
receiving
therapy,
an
risk
factor
OS.
However,
does
seem
predict
occurrence
events.
Keywords:
carcinoma,
sarcopenia,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
tyrosine
kinase
transarterial
chemoembolization
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Background
Hepatitis
B
virus
(HBV)
reactivation
is
a
common
complication
in
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
patients
treated
with
chemotherapy
or
immunotherapy.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
the
risk
of
HBV
and
its
effect
on
survival
HCC
HAIC
lenvatinib
plus
PD1s.
Methods
We
retrospectively
collected
data
213
HBV-related
who
underwent
PD1s
treatment
between
June
2019
2022
at
Sun
Yat-sen
University,
China.
The
primary
outcome
was
reactivation.
secondary
outcomes
were
overall
(OS),
progression−free
(PFS),
treatment−related
adverse
events.
Results
Sixteen
(7.5%)
occurred
our
study.
incidence
5%
antiviral
prophylaxis
21.9%
without
prophylaxis,
respectively.
logistic
regression
model
indicated
that
for
reactivation,
lack
(
P
=0.003)
tumor
diameter
=0.036)
independent
factors.
OS
PFS
significantly
shorter
group
than
non-reactivation
=0.0023
=0.00073,
respectively).
number
AEs
more
group,
especially
hepatic
AEs.
Conclusion
may
occur
Patients
had
time
compared
non-reactivation.
Therefore,
should
undergo
therapy
HBV-DNA
monitoring
before
during
combination
treatment.
Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 11, P. 1415 - 1428
Published: July 1, 2024
Purpose:
This
study
aimed
to
assess
the
effectiveness
and
safety
of
combining
hepatic
arterial
infusion
chemotherapy
(HAIC)
with
lenvatinib
(LEN)
PD-1
inhibitors
in
treating
arterioportal
shunt
(APS)
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
patients
portal
vein
tumor
thrombus
(PVTT).
Patients
Methods:
Conducted
retrospectively,
enrolled
54
HCC
APS
PVTT
treated
HAIC,
LEN,
at
our
center
between
January
2021
October
2023.
improvement,
recanalization,
response,
response
rate,
overall
survival
(OS),
intrahepatic
progression-free
(InPFS),
adverse
events
were
evaluated.
Results:
improvement
was
observed
42
(77.8%),
all
occurring
within
two
treatment
sessions.
Complete
occlusion
achieved
40
(74.1%),
no
recanalization
occurred.
The
best
objective
rate
(ORR)
ORR
after
HAIC
sessions
74.1%
66.7%,
respectively.
98.1%
94.4%,
median
OS
InPFS
10.0
months
5.0
months,
longer
compared
those
without
(OS
12.1
vs
4.4
P<
0.001,
6.2
2.3
P=0.049).
ALBI
grade,
extrahepatic
spread,
disappearance
potential
prognostic
factors
for
OS,
while
grade
spread
being
independently
associated
InPFS.
No
treatment-related
mortality
Conclusion:
Combining
LEN
proves
be
both
effective
safe
managing
PVTT,
potentially
improving
patient
survival.
Keywords:
carcinoma,
shunt,
thrombus,
chemotherapy,
combination
therapy
