Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Alleviates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 446 - 446

Published: March 23, 2024

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury arises from inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain, commonly occurring following cardiac arrest, which lacks effective treatments. Recent studies have demonstrated therapeutic potential of exosomes released mesenchymal stem cells. Given challenge systemic dilution associated with intravenous administration, intranasal has emerged as a promising approach. In this study, we investigate effects intranasally administered in an animal model. Exosomes were isolated cell supernatants using ultracentrifugation method. Brain was induced Sprague-Dawley rats through transient four-vessel occlusion Intranasal administration conducted 3 × 108 exosome particles 20 µL PBS or alone, daily for 7 days post-injury. Long-term cognitive behavioral assessments, biodistribution exosomes, and histological evaluations apoptosis neuroinflammation conducted. primarily detected olfactory bulb one hour after subsequently distributing striatum midbrain. Rats treated exhibited substantial improvement function up 28 insult, significantly fewer apoptotic cells along higher neuronal survival hippocampus. found be taken by microglia, leading decrease expression cytotoxic inflammatory markers.

Language: Английский

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Autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorders: beyond the comorbidity

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by high rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders, including anxiety disorders and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Beyond a mere concept comorbidity, recent literature speculating the existence neurodevelopmental nature such disorders. The aim study to investigate distribution social-phobic, panic-agoraphobic traits within sample individuals ASD, social (SAD), (OCD) panic (PD). 40 participants SAD, OCD, PD 50 HC were assessed Social Anxiety Spectrum—Short Version (SHY-SV) questionnaire, Obsessive—Compulsive (OBS-SV) questionnaire Panic Agoraphobic (PAS-SV) questionnaire. Statistical analyses included Kruskal–Wallis test Chi-square test. When analyzing SHY-SV scores, SAD group obtained highest ASD following closely, significantly surpassing scores remaining diagnostic groups. In examination OBS-SV once again secured second-highest trailing only OCD group. These notably higher than those both healthy controls. analysis PAS-SV achieved after individuals, although this time difference was not statistically significant compared findings highlight central role autism in diagnoses. They provide support for hypotheses basis contributing growing body evidence supporting dimensional interconnected view health conditions.

Language: Английский

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Influenced the Age Onset of Parkinson's Disease

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(9)

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Background: Earlier studies reported alterations of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The first rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and dioxygenase were observed upregulated, resulting elevated KYN/TRP ratios serum cerebrospinal fluid samples patients with PD. More more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified a population However, little is known about impact genetic variations IDO on pathogenesis Methods: SNP analysis IDO1 was performed by allelic discrimination assay fluorescently labelled TaqMan probes subgroup conducted according to age PD onset. frame shifts variant rs34155785, intronic rs7820268, promotor region rs9657182 SNPs 105 without comorbidity analyzed compared 129 healthy controls. Results: No significant correlation found three between revealed that A alleles rs7820268 or carriers contribute later onset than non-carriers. Conclusions: study suggested influenced genotyping certain potentially serves as risk biomarker

Language: Английский

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Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect

World Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 172 - 192

Published: June 21, 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous, multi-factorial, neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection significant trigger autism, especially during the critical developmental period.There strong interplay between viral infection as result ASD.We aim to highlight mutual relationship autism viruses.We performed thorough literature review included 158 research in this review.Most agreed on possible effects Al-Beltagi et al.Viruses WJV https://www.wjgnet.com

Language: Английский

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Introducing the Role of Genotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7221 - 7221

Published: June 29, 2024

Decades of research have identified genetic and environmental factors involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychiatric disorders. Genomic instability, i.e., the loss genome integrity, is common feature among both (mayo-trophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) psychiatric (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar depression) instability associated with accumulation persistent DNA damage activation response (DDR) pathways, as well pathologic neuronal cell or senescence. Typically, DDR signaling ensures that genomic proteomic homeostasis are maintained dividing cells, including neural progenitors, post-mitotic neurons. However, dysregulation these protective responses, part due aging insults, contributes progressive development and/or In this Special Issue, we introduce highlight overlap between disorders, emerging clinical, genomic, molecular evidence for contributions aberrant repair. Our goal illuminate importance subject uncover possible treatment prevention strategies relevant devastating brain diseases.

Language: Английский

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