Ginkgo biloba: A Leaf of Hope in the Fight against Alzheimer’s Dementia: Clinical Trial Systematic Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 651 - 651

Published: May 27, 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a stealthy and progressive neurological disorder that leading cause of dementia in the global elderly population, imposing significant burden on both society. Currently, condition treated with medications alleviate symptoms. Nonetheless, these drugs may not consistently produce desired results can serious side effects. Hence, there vigorous pursuit alternative options to enhance quality life for patients. Ginkgo biloba (GB), an herb historical use traditional medicine, contains bioactive compounds such as terpenoids (Ginkgolides A, B, C), polyphenols, organic acids, flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin). These are associated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective properties, making them valuable cognitive health. A systematic search across three databases using specific keywords—GB AD dementia—yielded 1702 documents, selection 15 clinical trials synthesis. In eleven studies, GB extract/EGb 761® was shown improve function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional abilities types. four however, were no differences between GB-treated placebo groups. Significant improvements observed scores obtained from Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). While majority synthesized show has promising potential treatment conditions, more research needed determine optimal dosages, effective delivery methods, appropriate pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, thorough assessment adverse effects, exploration long-term implications, investigation into drug interactions critical aspects must be carefully evaluated future studies.

Language: Английский

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Understanding chronic inflammation: couplings between cytokines, ROS, NO, Cai2+, HIF-1α, Nrf2 and autophagy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 8, 2025

Chronic inflammation is an important component of many diseases, including autoimmune intracellular infections, dysbiosis and degenerative diseases. An element this state the mainly positive feedback between inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), increased calcium, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stabilisation mitochondrial oxidative stress, which, under normal conditions, enhance response against pathogens. Autophagy nuclear erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant are negatively coupled with above-mentioned elements to maintain defence at a level appropriate severity infection. The current review first attempt build multidimensional model cellular self-regulation chronic inflammation. It describes feedbacks involved in explains possible pathways by which becomes chronic. multiplicity suggests that symptomatic treatment should focus on inhibiting multiple effectively suppress all dysregulated inflammation, calcium mito-stress other metabolic disturbances.

Language: Английский

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Management of cognitive impairment associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome: recommendations for primary care

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 22, 2024

Introduction: Although post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with cognitive impairment is increasingly encountered in primary care, evidence-based recommendations for its appropriate management are lacking. Methods: A systematic literature search evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of associated PCS was conducted. Practical PCS-associated care summarized, based on an evaluation pharmacological plausibility clinical applications. Results: Currently, pathology remains unclear no high-quality data to support targeted interventions. Existing approaches directed towards symptom relief where counseling chronicity disease regular reassessments at 4- 8-week intervals considered reasonable. Patients should be informed encouraged adopt a healthy lifestyle that centers around balanced nutrition physical activities. They may also benefit from intake vitamins, micronutrients, probiotics. The administration Ginkgo biloba extract could offer safe potentially beneficial option. Other non-pharmacological measures include physiotherapy, digitally supported training, and, if indicated, ergotherapy or speech therapy. In most patients, symptoms improve within 8 weeks. If serious, ambiguous, when new occur, specialized diagnostic such as comprehensive neurocognitive testing neuroimaging initiated. Very few patients would require inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion: debilitating condition affect daily functioning reduce work productivity. Management multidisciplinary approach, centering physical, cognitive, therapies.

Language: Английский

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Adaptogens in Long-Lasting Brain Fatigue: An Insight from Systems Biology and Network Pharmacology

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 261 - 261

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Long-lasting brain fatigue is a consequence of stroke or traumatic injury associated with emotional, psychological, and physical overload, distress in hypertension, atherosclerosis, viral infection, aging-related chronic low-grade inflammatory disorders. The pathogenesis linked to disrupted neurotransmission, the glutamate-glutamine cycle imbalance, glucose metabolism, ATP energy supply, which are multiple molecular targets signaling pathways neuroendocrine-immune blood circulation systems. Regeneration damaged tissue long-lasting multistage process, including spontaneously regulating hypothalamus-pituitary (HPA) axis-controlled anabolic-catabolic homeostasis recover harmonized sympathoadrenal system (SAS)-mediated function, deregulated gene expression rehabilitation. driving mechanism spontaneous recovery regeneration cross-talk mediators neuronal, microglia, immunocompetent, endothelial cells collectively involved neurogenesis angiogenesis, plant adaptogens can target. Adaptogens small molecules origin that increase adaptability organisms stress by interaction HPA axis SAS (neuroendocrine-immune cardiovascular complex), targeting adaptive GPCR pathways. Two major groups comprise (i) phenolic phenethyl phenylpropanoid derivatives (ii) tetracyclic pentacyclic glycosides, whose chemical structure be distinguished as related correspondingly monoamine neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) steroid hormones (cortisol, testosterone, estradiol). In this narrative review, we discuss multitarget integrated pharmacological activity botanical ischemic stroke, fatigue; time-dependent dual response physiological regulatory systems support overload; (iii) dose-dependent reversal (hormetic) effect adaptogens. This review shows adaptogenic concept cannot reduced rectified various effects on selected specific modes action without estimating their interactions within networks complex that, turn, regulates other (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems) due numerous intra- extracellular communications feedback regulations. These result polyvalent pleiotropic adaptogens, essential for characterizing distinct types botanicals. They trigger defense leads extension limits resilience inducing mental For first time, justifies potential particularly hybrid preparation (BHP) Arctic Root Ashwagandha, providing rationale use individuals experiencing fatigue. provided insight into future research network pharmacology preventing rehabilitating following trauma, infections.

Language: Английский

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Rhodiola rosea: Clinical Evidence for Adaptogenic and Ergogenic Effects

Integrative and Complementary Therapies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

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Die Rolle von Phytotherapie bei COVID-19-assoziierter Angst und Depression

Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(04), P. 148 - 156

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Anwendung von Phytotherapie bei psychiatrischen Manifestationen, im Kontext COVID-19 aufgetreten sind. Insbesondere wird der Einsatz des mit eigenen Anteilen angereicherten Lavendelöls Silexan® (aus Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), aus Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) hergestellten Extraktes EGb 761® sowie SHR-5 Rosenwurz (Rhodiola rosea beleuchtet, bereits Erfolge in Behandlung vordergründig milden Angstzuständen, depressiven, psychosomatischen und kognitiven Symptomen zeigten. Diese zählen zu den am häufigsten auftretenden Beschwerden Rahmen sog. Long-COVID-Syndroms. Im Detail stellen wir 4 Fälle vor, unsere ersten klinischen Erfahrungen erwachsenen ambulanten Patienten sowohl subsyndromalen als auch voll ausgeprägten Angsterkrankungen depressiven Zustandsbildern illustrieren, Zusammenhang In Anbetracht langfristigen negativen Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit, Lebensqualität Funktionalität Betroffenen, denen durch eine frühe diagnostische Zuordnung rechtzeitige adäquate vorgebeugt werden kann, scheint ein evidenzbasierter COVID-19-assoziierten vor allem subsyndromale Ausprägung aufweisen, wichtige klinisch sehr relevante Rolle spielen.

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