The interplay between urbanization, vegetation loss and surface heat island in cities: two decadal empirical evidence from Pakistan

Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 155(12), P. 9911 - 9928

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Influence of Urban Commercial Street Interface Morphology on Surrounding Wind Environment and Thermal Comfort

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 53 - 53

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

In recent climate-adaptive design strategies, there has been a growing interest in creating healthy and comfortable urban microclimates. However, not enough attention paid to the influence of street interface morphology order better understand wind–thermal conditions various commercial streets within city create sustainable built environment. This research summarizes categorizes according their functions types attributes then abstracts ideal models three typical explore effects changes specific morphological parameters on environments. Firstly, this study selects out that affect morphology. Then, it uses numerical simulation software PHOENICS2019 simulate investigate wind environment thermal comfort. The results show (1) neighborhood-commercial streets, reducing void ratio variance height fluctuations can enhance average speed while temperature improving comfort; (2) business-office value is negatively correlated with comfort, aspect are positively correlated; (3) comprehensive-commercial decrease will reduce its increase temperature, thus weakening comfort pedestrians. contrast, as well do significantly These conclusions from provide theoretical basis methodological reference for creation safer, resilient

Language: Английский

---

Diurnal Pattern of Heat Stress Over South Asia: A Wet Bulb Globe Temperature‐Based Analysis From 1984 to 2023

International Journal of Climatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Assessing the diurnal characteristics of heat stress is crucial for understanding its daily dynamics and impacts. This study evaluates various using Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) over South Asia from 1984 to 2023. The Copernicus Climate Change Service hourly ERA5 dataset was used calculate WBGT Liljegren method assess stress, heatwave events, duration range different thresholds. results revealed significant disparities in Asian regions. western southeastern regions are more susceptible extreme (≥ 32.2°C), while severe 31.1°C < 32.2°C) predominantly affected central eastern Pakistan southern India. part experiences an average 5.8 with a cumulative total 580 h. indicated than 8°C Conversely, areas no located Himalayas northern Afghanistan. annual hours increased by 120 h between early (1984–2003) late (2004–2023) periods, days 15 days. Other also recent decades compared 1984–2003, suggesting implementation measures mitigate future increases. These findings highlight urgent need adaptive strategies address escalating region, especially vulnerable highly populated Asia.

Language: Английский

---

Assessing the Deadly Heat Waves Over South Asian Cities: An Insights From UTCI and WBGT Indices

International Journal of Climatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT This study analysed South Asia's most devastating heat waves over the past four decades using ERA5 hourly reanalysis data from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Two stress indices, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), were employed to evaluate characteristics, meteorological variable behaviour diurnal temperature range (DTR) across selected cities. The findings revealed that while both indices effectively captured wave events, WBGT demonstrated superior performance, particularly in assessing nighttime stress, where UTCI often underestimated severity. For instance, during 1995 Bareilly, daytime exceeded extreme threshold of 46.0°C second event but dropped close lower limit 26.0°C at night. In contrast, consistently remained above lowest 25.6°C. Karachi (2015), surpassed level 32.2°C day 25.6°C night consecutive days. Inland marked by air spikes 40°C reduced wind speeds (below 2 m/s), coastal cities like Visakhapatnam experienced prolonged values fluctuating between 38.0°C 46.0°C. DTR analysis further fluctuations exceeding 20°C inland within a 6.6°C range, highlighting its stability better representation persistent stress. Further results higher sensitivity local variables relative humidity speed has made it effective regions with high humidity.

Language: Английский

---

Modeling Spatial PM2.5 Risk Dynamics and Projecting Disease Burden in Pakistan

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 126060 - 126060

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Improved Temperature Trend Forecasting in Major Pakistani Cities Using XGBoost and other Ensemble Machine Learning Models

Published: April 30, 2025

This study employs advanced machine learning algorithms Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), and XGBoost to predict normalized temperatures in major Pakistani cities, focusing on Lahore. Using a comprehensive dataset divided into training testing subsets, model performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Absolute (MAE), R-squared (R²). Results show that excelled with the lowest RMSE (0.0281), MAE (0.0219), highest R² (0.9879), demonstrating superior predictive accuracy. Forest also performed well, confirming efficacy of ensemble methods for temperature forecasting. highlights potential environmental analysis, offering scalable framework climate predictions informed urban planning.

Language: Английский

---

Evaluating the performances of SVR and XGBoost for Short- range Forecasting of Heatwaves across different Temperature zones of India

Applied Computing and Geosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100204 - 100204

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Karachi Metropolitan as an Urban Heat Island

Advances in Space Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Seasonal and Diurnal Characteristics and Drivers of Urban Heat Island Based on Optimal Parameters-Based Geo-Detector Model in Xinjiang, China

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 1377 - 1377

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

In the context of sustainable urban development, elucidating heat island (UHI) dynamics in arid regions is crucial. By thoroughly examining characteristics UHI variations and potential driving factors, cities can implement effective strategies to reduce their impacts on environment public health. However, factors a remain unclear. This study analyzed seasonal diurnal surface (SUHI) using Pearson’s correlation analysis an Optimal Parameters-Based Geographic Detector (OPGD) model 22 Xinjiang, northwest China. The findings reveal that average annual intensity (SUHII) values Xinjiang’s were 1.37 ± 0.86 °C, with SUHII being most pronounced summer (2.44 °C), followed by winter (2.15 spring (0.47 autumn (0.40 °C). Moreover, mean was stronger at nighttime (1.90 °C) compared during daytime (0.84 observed across seasons. disparity Xinjiang more significant (3.91 (0.39 SUHIIs decreasing from winter. also highlights city size, elevation, vegetation cover, form, socio-economic (GDP population density) emerged as key drivers, GDP exerting strongest influence Xinjiang. To mitigate effects, measures like enhancement improving conditions, blue–green space landscape optimization, economic strategy adjustments are recommended.

Language: Английский

---

Kentsel Isı Adası Etkisinin Mekânsal ve Zamansal Değişimlerle İlişkisi: Sistematik Bir Literatür Analizi

Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Kentsel ısı adası etkisi (KIA), kentsel alanlardaki sıcaklıkların kırsal çevrelere göre artışıyla karakterize edilen ve çevresel kalite, insan sağlığı sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde önemli etkileri olan bir olgudur. Bu sistematik literatür incelemesi, dünya genelindeki farklı şehirlerde etkisinin mekânsal zamansal değişimleri üzerine yapılan çalışmaları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. 2024 yılı içerisinde konu ile ilgili güncel yüksek atıf almış çalışmaların yanı sıra Temmuz 2024'e kadar Science Direct, Taylor&Francis, MDPI SpringerLink gibi veri tabanlarında arama yapılarak çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Araştırma tabanları üzerinden “KIA, adası, yüzey YKIA” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak değişimler taranmıştır. Tam metinler, atıflar özetler değerlendirme için kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada hakemli incelenerek, yoğunluğunu etkileyen ana faktörler belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, araştırmalarında kullanılan yöntemler, uzaktan algılama tekniklerinden saha ölçümleri modelleme yaklaşımlarına ele alınmıştır. Bulgular, etkilerini azaltılmasında bütüncül planlama yeşil altyapı uygulamalarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Hazırlanan tabloda kaynak/referans, amaç hedefler, metodoloji son olarak bulgularına yer verilmiştir. kapsamlı araştırma sentezi, sürdürülebilir dirençli çevreler geliştirmeyi hedefleyen şehir plancıları, politika yapıcılar araştırmacılar değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

---