Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics

Acta Biomaterialia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 18 - 45

Published: April 17, 2024

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, modulating the host immune response. However, extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged predict onset, guide treatment strategies, determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly terms their translation potentials. This review briefly describes BEV biogenesis internalisation recipient cells summarises methods for isolation characterization, understanding composition cargo. Further, it discusses potential biofluid-associated biomarkers diseases, spanning cancer non-cancerous Following this, we outline ongoing human trials using vaccine development. In addition diagnostics, this explores emerging research natural or engineered smart nanomaterials applications anti-cancer therapy bone regeneration. discussion extends key factors unlocking BEVs, such standardization characterisation, well other hurdles translating findings setting. We propose that addressing through collaborative efforts well-designed holds fully harnessing BEVs. As field advances, suggests BEV-based nanomedicine has revolutionize management, paving way innovative diagnosis, therapeutics, personalized medicine approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular (EVs) from bacteria serve multifunctional biomaterials fields biomedicine, bioengineering, biomaterials. majority current studies focus on host-derived EVs, leaving gap comprehensive bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs). Although offer an attractive option drug delivery systems, unique nanostructure easy-to-modify functions make them method diagnosis Our work among pioneering investigating nanobiomaterials plays crucial development diseases therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Microbial‐ and host immune cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and therapy of periodontitis: A narrative review

Journal of Periodontal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dysbiotic biofilms and destructive host immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating nanoparticles released microbes cells involved in cell‐to‐cell communication, found body biofluids, such as saliva gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). EVs mainly may hold promise for diagnostic therapeutic purposes. Periodontal research has examined the potential involvement of bacterial‐ host‐cell‐derived pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, but data remains scarce on cell‐ or microbial‐derived EVs. In this narrative review, we first provide an overview role microbial host‐derived pathogenesis. Recent studies reveal that Porphyromonas gingivalis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ‐derived outer membrane (OMVs) can activate cytokine release cells, while M1 macrophage contribute to bone loss. Additionally, summarised current vitro pre‐clinical utilisation cell tools context periodontal treatment. Studies indicate from M2 macrophages dendritic promote regeneration animal models. While bacterial remain underexplored preliminary suggests P. OMVs vaccine candidates. Finally, acknowledge limitations present field translating derived periodontology. It concluded cell‐derived have periodontitis pathogenesis hence be useful studying pathophysiology, treatment monitoring biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Insights into Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Functions, and Implications in Plant–Microbe Interactions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 532 - 532

Published: March 6, 2024

Plant–microbe interactions play a crucial role in shaping plant health and survival. In recent years, the of extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication between plants microbes has emerged as an intriguing area research. EVs serve important carriers bioactive molecules genetic information, facilitating cells even different organisms. Pathogenic bacteria leverage to amplify their virulence, exploiting cargo rich toxins virulence factors. Conversely, beneficial initiate EV secretion stimulate immune responses nurture symbiotic relationships. The transfer EV-packed small RNAs (sRNAs) been demonstrated facilitate modulation responses. Furthermore, harnessing potential holds promise for development innovative diagnostic tools sustainable crop protection strategies. This review highlights biogenesis functions importance defense, paves way future research this exciting field.

Language: Английский

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Microbial DNA Profiles of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles from 3D Salivary Polymicrobial Biofilms – A Pilot Study

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract With the advent of multi‐layered and 3D scaffolds, understanding microbiome composition pathogenic mechanisms within polymicrobial biofilms is continuously evolving. A fundamental component in mediating microenvironment bacterial‐host communication biofilm are bilayered nanoparticles secreted by bacteria, known as bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which transport key biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites. Their characteristics profiles yet to be explored context vitro salivary biofilm. This pilot study aimed compare BEVs from cultured on a 2D tissue culture plate melt electrowritten medical‐grade polycaprolactone (MEW mPCL) scaffold. derived MEW mPCL exhibited enhanced purity yield without altered EV morphology lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content, with enriched BEVs‐associated DNA Capnocytophaga, porphyromonas, veillonella genus. Moreover, compared saliva controls, showed comparable expression Tannerella forsythia , Treponema denticola significantly higher Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens Lactobacillus acidophilus . Together, these findings highlight more detailed microbial profile PCL facilitates an effective model greater resemblance naturally occurring biofilms.

Language: Английский

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Biomimetic Surface Nanoengineering of Biodegradable Zn‐Based Orthopedic Implants for Enhanced Biocompatibility and Immunomodulation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Abstract Zinc (Zn) is gaining increased recognition as a biodegradable metal in biomedical applications but clinical translation limited due to its poor biocompatibility. This study addresses these issues through an innovative biomimetic strategy, introducing efficient surface nanoengineering approach that creates nano‐geometric features and chemical compositions by modulating the exposure time biological medium – Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM). These nanoengineered Zn implants exhibited tunable degradation rates. The nanostructures enhanced human osteoblast attachment, proliferation, differentiation following direct contact, improved macrophage function promoting pseudopod formation transitioning from pro‐inflammatory M1 pro‐reparative M2 phenotype. In vivo studies show surface‐engineered effectively promoted tissue integration via polarization, resulting favorable immunomodulatory environment, collagen deposition. Proteomic analyses tissues vicinity of are enriched with proteins related key wound healing mechanisms such cell adhesion, cytoskeletal structural arrangement, immune response. highlights biocompatibility anti‐inflammatory effects Zn, important implications for Zn‐based orthopedic implants.

Language: Английский

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