Coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 546(7656), P. 82 - 90

Published: May 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science

Ecology and Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Folke, C., R. Biggs, A. V. Norström, B. Reyers, and J. Rockström. 2016. Social-ecological resilience biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology Society 21(3):41.http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08748-210341

Language: Английский

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Resilience (Republished)

Ecology and Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 21(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Resilience thinking in relation to the environment has emerged as a lens of inquiry that serves platform for interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration. is about cultivating capacity sustain development face expected surprising change diverse pathways potential thresholds between them. The evolution resilience coupled social-ecological systems truly intertwined human-environment planet. persistence, adaptability, transformability complex adaptive focus, clarifying dynamic forward-looking nature concept. emphasizes systems, from individual, community, society whole, are embedded biosphere. biosphere connection an essential observation if sustainability be taken seriously. In continuous advancement there efforts aimed at capturing finding ways people institutions govern dynamics improved human well-being, local, across levels scales, global. Consequently, thinking, issues planet, framed context understanding governing part

Language: Английский

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Sustainability transformations: a resilience perspective

Ecology and Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 19(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Scholars and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in the processes that lead to transformations toward sustainability.We explored how resilience thinking, a stronger focus on social-ecological systems, can contribute existing studies of sustainability transformations.First, we responded two major points critique: claim theory is not useful for addressing transformations, role "power" transformation has been underplayed by scholars.Second, highlighted promising work combines insights from different theoretical strands, strategy strengthens our understanding transformations.We elaborated three research areas which such combined perspectives could focus: innovation social-ecological-technological systems interactions, patterns transformation, agency transformation.

Language: Английский

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Global analysis of seagrass restoration: the importance of large‐scale planting

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 567 - 578

Published: Oct. 28, 2015

Summary In coastal and estuarine systems, foundation species like seagrasses, mangroves, saltmarshes or corals provide important ecosystem services. Seagrasses are globally declining their reintroduction has been shown to restore functions. However, seagrass restoration is often challenging, given the dynamic stressful environment that seagrasses grow in. From our world‐wide meta‐analysis of trials (1786 trials), we describe general features best practice for restoration. We confirm removal threats prior replanting. Reduced water quality (mainly eutrophication), construction activities led poorer success than, instance, dredging, local direct impact natural causes. Proximity recovery donor beds were positively correlated with trial performance. Planting techniques can influence success. The shows both survival population growth rate in survived affected by number plants seeds initially transplanted. This relationship between scale was not related characteristics initial majority have very small, which may explain low overall (i.e. estimated 37%). Successful regrowth appears require crossing a minimum threshold reintroduced individuals. Our study provides first global field evidence requirement critical mass recovery, also hold other showing strong positive feedback environment. Synthesis applications . For effective its typically dynamic, environment, introduction large numbers seen be beneficial probably serves two purposes. First, large‐scale planting increases – ensure spread risks, needed overcome high variability. Secondly, enhancing self‐sustaining feedback, generally found environments such as beds. Thus, careful site selection applying appropriate techniques, spreading risks concert increase

Language: Английский

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Studying the complexity of change: toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate social-ecological transformations

Ecology and Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 19(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Moore, M.-L., O. Tjornbo, E. Enfors, C. Knapp, J. Hodbod, A. Baggio, Norström, P. Olsson, and D. Biggs. 2014. Studying the complexity of change: toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate social-ecological transformations. Ecology Society 19(4): 54. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06966-190454

Language: Английский

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The fundamental role of ecological feedback mechanisms for the adaptive management of seagrass ecosystems – a review

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(3), P. 1521 - 1538

Published: Sept. 1, 2016

ABSTRACT Seagrass meadows are vital ecosystems in coastal zones worldwide, but also under global threat. One of the major hurdles restricting success seagrass conservation and restoration is our limited understanding ecological feedback mechanisms. In these ecosystems, multiple, self‐reinforcing feedbacks can undermine efforts by masking environmental impacts until decline precipitous, or alternatively they inhibit recovery spite efforts. However, no clear framework yet exists for identifying dealing with to improve management ecosystems. Here we review causes consequences multiple between biotic and/or abiotic processes. We demonstrate how have potential impose reinforce regimes either dominance unvegetated substrate, strength importance vary across gradients. Although a myriad now been identified, co‐occurrence likely interaction among has largely overlooked date due difficulties analysis detection. take fundamental step forward modelling interactions two distinct above‐ belowground that interacting be important ecosystem resilience. On this basis, propose five‐step adaptive plan address dynamics effective strategies. The provides guidance aid identification prioritisation different

Language: Английский

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Social-Ecological Systems Insights for Navigating the Dynamics of the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 267 - 289

Published: July 25, 2018

Social-ecological systems (SES) research offers new theory and evidence to transform sustainable development better contend with the challenges of Anthropocene. Four insights from contemporary SES literature on ( a) intertwined SES, b) cross-scale dynamics, c) systemic tipping points, d) transformational change are explored. Based these insights, shifts in practice suggested recognize govern complex codeveloping social ecological aspects challenges. The potential susceptibility nonlinear reconfigurations is highlighted, as well opportunities, agency, capacities required foster reconfigurative transformations for development. proposes need diverse values beliefs that more tune deep, dynamic connections between support deal shocks surprises. From perspectives, outlooks, practices, novel opportunity spaces which address

Language: Английский

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Managing resilience to reverse phase shifts in coral reefs

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 541 - 548

Published: Aug. 30, 2013

Both coral‐dominated and degraded reef ecosystems can be resistant to change. Typically, research management have focused on maintaining coral dominance avoiding phase shifts other species compositions, rather than weakening the resilience of already reefs re‐establish dominance. Reversing coral‐reef states will involve reducing local chronic drivers like fishing pressure poor water quality. Reversals also require key ecological processes – such as those performed by different functional groups marine herbivores that both weaken state strengthen state. If detrimental human impacts are reduced enhanced, pulse disturbances, extreme weather events, variability may provide opportunities for a return Critically, achieving these outcomes necessitate diverse range integrated approaches alter interactions with ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral reef management under global environmental change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 48 - 61

Published: Sept. 5, 2014

Abstract Cumulative pressures from global climate and ocean change combined with multiple regional local‐scale stressors pose fundamental challenges to coral reef managers worldwide. Understanding how cumulative affect vulnerability is critical for successful conservation now in the future. In this review, we present case that strategically managing increased ecological resilience (capacity stress resistance recovery) can reduce (risk of net decline) up a point. Specifically, propose an operational framework identifying effective management levers enhance support decisions vulnerability. Building on system understanding biological processes drive reefs different environmental socio‐economic settings, Adaptive Resilience‐Based ( ARBM ) suggest set guidelines where be enhanced via interventions. We argue press‐type (pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, warming acidification) are key threats by affecting underpinning recovery, while pulse‐type (acute) (e.g. storms, bleaching events, crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreaks) increase demand resilience. apply example problems Caribbean Indo‐Pacific reefs. A strategy active risk reduction needed, informed objectives, knowledge ecosystem consideration social drivers. As acidification erode globally, adaptive will become increasingly difficult. Given limited resources, on‐the‐ground solutions likely focus actions at finer spatial scales, tightly linked goods services.

Language: Английский

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