E-Waste Plastics in the Environment: Assessment, Characterisation, and Bioprocessing

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 2122 - 2122

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The accelerated growth of the electrical and electronic equipment market is a major driver behind increasing e-waste volumes worldwide. Although contains valuable resources, most remain unrecycled or improperly managed. Recycling efforts primarily focus on recovering metals, while plastic constituents overlooked. Furthermore, current recycling approaches have led to environmental contamination by hazardous materials. Recent for valorisation plastics demonstrated potential applications these materials their role in towards implementing more sustainable economy. While impact strategies been recently reviewed, thorough discussion that accounts impact, characterisation strategies, biotechnological treatment options remains lacking. Accordingly, this review addresses gap, discussing recent developments field. It focuses impacts, collection samples characterisation, as well innovative through strategies. Specifically, centred studies directly use derived from e-waste. progress has made contaminants remediation/bioprocessing type waste, challenges remain, including financial barriers, limited research volume compared related fields (e.g., metals), relevance concerns. This identifies need increased research, interdisciplinary collaboration, policy support overcome barriers advance management.

Language: Английский

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Concurrent leaching of copper and cobalt from a copper–cobalt ore using sulfuric and organic acids

Minerals Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 108853 - 108853

Published: July 24, 2024

A study involving the leaching of Cu and Co from a CuCo ore in sulfuric acid (H2SO4), citric (CA) oxalic (OA) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant, was carried out. The characterised by x-ray fluorescence (XRF), diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). results obtained indicate that increasing time, temperature, concentration agent/oxidant enhanced efficiencies Co, while reduction particle size (large surface area) favours Co. highest 99.2 % 94.0 were for respectively, system constituted 1.0 M H2SO4 3.0 H2O2 within 4 h at 65 °C. In contrast, 0.8 OA demonstrated 97.1 efficiency 100.0 estimated activation energy temperature range 25–65 °C is 40.7 kJmol−1 Cu, 64.0 kJmol−1, which implies controlled chemical reaction. comprehensive analysis reaction mechanism diffusion-controlled lower temperatures (<35 °C) reaction-controlled higher than 35

Language: Английский

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Preparation of Composite Materials Based on Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Flame-Retardant Plastic Obtained from Electronic Waste and Fly Ash Microspheres, with Thermogravimetric/Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis and a Study of the Mechanical Characteristics of the Obtained Material

Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1045 - 1045

Published: April 1, 2025

In this study, we investigate the potential of using acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene flame-retardant (ABS FR) plastic obtained from electronic waste to create a new composite material through addition fly ash microspheres combustion thermal coal at Ekibastuzskaya GRES 1, with resulting being suitable for manufacturing housings and other elements equipment. For purpose, five compositions microsphere/plastic ratios 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 were developed, which then processed in an extruder 250 °C obtain test specimens. The mechanical properties specimens compared control sample developed ABS FR without microspheres. materials, up ratio demonstrate increased stability simultaneous decrease density, while further increase concentration leads gradual properties. These make it possible use producing

Language: Английский

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Effect of Solvent Pre-Treatment on the Leaching of Copper During Printed Circuit Board Recycling

Recycling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 80 - 80

Published: May 1, 2025

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are fundamental components of electronic devices, acting as an important source various valuable metals such copper, gold, and silver. Efficient recycling methods that offer high recovery rates essential to the full reutilization these materials. Hydrometallurgical leaching is a prominent technique for metal recovery, but its efficiency can be significantly enhanced through solvent pre-treatment. In this study, experimental analysis material composition different categories PCBs presented. addition, study evaluates influence particle size on subsequent copper process recovery. These investigations aim better understand propose optimized technique. The finds there significant variances among investigated, allowing more informed handling WEEE. This research suggests pretreatment using DMSO PCB sizes between 5.6 mm 2 would good optimization technique, mitigating drawbacks treating fine particles while maintaining appealing efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable leaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using efficient carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents

Separation and Purification Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 133712 - 133712

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Electronic Waste Recycling in South Asia: Overview of Associated Risks from a Cocktail of Micro-Pollutants and Recommendations for Sustainable E-Waste Management

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100715 - 100715

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recovery of metallic gold, silver and copper from end-of-life mobile phones by hydrometallurgy

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2025

Abstract The global amount of end-of-life mobile phones is increasing over the years and their proper valorization nowadays strategic importance. Mobile can be considered as an important source valuable materials, such metals, plastics, glass, which recovered reintroduced into new production cycles. In this paper, a recovery process based on selective materials’ separation hydrometallurgy was proposed. After manual dismantling followed by different fractions (plastic, metallic fraction, printed circuit boards, batteries, displays glass), hydrometallurgical leaching precipitation/reduction applied boards with aim recovering metals interests. Tin precipitated from aqua regia leachate gaseous ammonia gold afterward reduction sodium borohydride; silver first chloride nitric acid then reduced to silver. Copper selectively oxalic solution coming copper means mild thermal treatment, without chemicals addition. developed allowed gold, in form yield purity grade ≥ 98%.

Language: Английский

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A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of copper metal and nickel hydroxide from the aqua regia leaching solutions of printed circuit boards

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 28, 2024

Leaching solutions of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain noble and base metal ions. The precious ions present in the leaching PCBs could be separated by cementation with copper metal. After recovery cementation, filtrate contains Cu(II) together like Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Sn(II), Zn(II). In this work, separation experiments were conducted to recover Ni(II) from filtrate. First, completely chemical reduction hydrazine at following conditions: a molar ratio 8 for Cu(II), 20°C, 500 rpm, 20 mins. By adding sodium oxalate solution after most 38% Zn(II) co-precipitated 60 mins, nickel. dissolving co-precipitates oxalates 0.5 M HCl solution, was removed five-stage cross-current extraction 2.5 Cyanex 272. Nickel hydroxides then recovered raffinate precipitation NaOH. purity nickel higher than 99%. A process proposed Au(III), Pd(II), PCBs.

Language: Английский

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Useful metals recovery from electronic scraps of headphones – A sustainable approach

Waste Management Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 302 - 307

Published: June 1, 2024

The utilization of electronic devices has been consistently increasing each year. In the fiscal year 2020–2021, India handled more than 340,000 tonnes waste, a significant surge from 69,414 recorded in 2017–2018. Over past four years, there remarkable fourfold increase collection and processing e-waste. This project focuses on e-waste generated headphones, considering their widespread usage globally. Surprisingly, despite ubiquity, only 15 % headphones are recycled, with 85 being discarded as waste. To address this issue, hydrometallurgy treatment is employed to extract valuable metals such copper iron. Following treatment, research successfully obtained carbonate iron oxide essential elements. leached solution undergoes analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Further characterization through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) batteries magnets aids identifying crystalline materials. Additionally, cost-benefit was conducted, revealing 57 profit extraction 39 which proves be confirmed validation for circular economy. Finally, questionnaire survey conducted about 192 students found that maximum replacement headsets occurs often once probably budget around Rs. 500–1000, strongly confirms higher disposal rate

Language: Английский

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Cobalt and Tungsten Extraction from Diamond Core Drilling Crowns by Aqua Regia Leaching

Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(21), P. 5179 - 5179

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

In this work, a hydrometallurgical process for the recycling of diamond core drilling crowns by means aqua regia leaching and subsequent alkali was investigated. This investigation continues previous study in which nitric acid used phase. current study, higher tungsten recovery achieved, reaching 98.2%, is an improvement about 1.5%. Another advancement high Co (97.21%) purity trioxide obtained, comparable to previously proposed technological process. Furthermore, novel laboratory method testing recycled based on infrared thermography introduced. Although innovative approach not most accurate, it fast cost-effective provides valuable results before actual field test conducted as final evaluation. addition, offers advantage non-destructive testing, ensuring that can be assessed without compromising their structural integrity. Other instrumental methods characterize products intermediates were X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The analytical concentrations all working solutions ICP-AES.

Language: Английский

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