Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 2277 - 2310

Published: April 8, 2022

The increasing global industrialization and over-exploitation of fossil fuels has induced the release greenhouse gases, leading to an increase in temperature causing environmental issues. There is therefore urgent necessity reach net-zero carbon emissions. Only 4.5% countries have achieved neutrality, most are still planning do so by 2050-2070. Moreover, synergies between different hampered adaptation mitigation policies, as well their co-benefits. Here, we present a strategy neutral economy examining outcome goals 26th summit United Nations Climate Change Conference Parties (COP 26). Methods been designed for mapping emissions, such input-output models, spatial systems, geographic information system maps, light detection ranging techniques, logarithmic mean divisia. We decarbonization technologies initiatives, negative emissions technologies, discuss trading tax. propose plans neutrality shifting away from toward renewable energy, development low-carbon agriculture, changing dietary habits value food agricultural waste. Developing resilient buildings cities, introducing decentralized energy electrification transportation sector also necessary. review life cycle analysis systems.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 153 - 188

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

Abstract Dihydrogen (H 2 ), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 120 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of ‘affordable energy’ United Nations. Here we review production life cycle analysis, geological storage utilisation. produced water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, pyrolysis coal gasification. We compare environmental impact routes analysis. used power systems, transportation, hydrocarbon ammonia production, metallugical industries. Overall, combining electrolysis-generated with underground porous media such reservoirs salt caverns well suited shifting excess off-peak dispatchable on-peak demand.

Language: Английский

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Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 741 - 764

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Abstract Energy derived from fossil fuels contributes significantly to global climate change, accounting for more than 75% of greenhouse gas emissions and approximately 90% all carbon dioxide emissions. Alternative energy renewable sources must be utilized decarbonize the sector. However, adverse effects such as increasing temperatures, extreme winds, rising sea levels, decreased precipitation, may impact energies. Here we review energies with a focus on costs, energies, environment, economy, decarbonization in different countries. We solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, geothermal energy. observe that price solar photovoltaic has declined $0.417 2010 $0.048/kilowatt-hour 2021. Similarly, prices have by 68% onshore 60% offshore concentrated power, 14% biomass Wind hydropower production could decrease much 40% some regions due whereas appears least impacted source. Climate change can also modify productivity, growth, chemical composition, soil microbial communities. Hydroelectric power plants are most damaging environment; photovoltaics carefully installed reduce their impact. turbines minimal environmental impact; therefore, they should implemented extensively. Renewable electricity industry 2050, drastically reducing emissions, contributing mitigation. By establishing zero emission concept, future is promising, potential replace fuel-derived limit temperature rise 1.5 °C 2050.

Language: Английский

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Circular economy strategies for combating climate change and other environmental issues

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 55 - 80

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Abstract Global industrialization and excessive dependence on nonrenewable energy sources have led to an increase in solid waste climate change, calling for strategies implement a circular economy all sectors reduce carbon emissions by 45% 2030, achieve neutrality 2050. Here we review with focus management, energy, air water quality, land use, industry, food production, life cycle assessment, cost-effective routes. We observed that increasing the use of bio-based materials is challenge terms cover. Carbon removal technologies are actually prohibitively expensive, ranging from 100 1200 dollars per ton dioxide. Politically, only few companies worldwide set change goals. While can be implemented various such as waste, buildings, transportation, assessment required optimize new systems. Overall, provide theoretical foundation sustainable industrial, agricultural, commercial future constructing routes economy.

Language: Английский

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Lignin valorization: Status, challenges and opportunities

Bioresource Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 126696 - 126696

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Recent advancement and assessment of green hydrogen production technologies

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 113941 - 113941

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Algal biomass valorization for biofuel production and carbon sequestration: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 2797 - 2851

Published: June 15, 2022

Abstract The world is experiencing an energy crisis and environmental issues due to the depletion of fossil fuels continuous increase in carbon dioxide concentrations. Microalgal biofuels are produced using sunlight, water, simple salt minerals. Their high growth rate, photosynthesis, sequestration capacity make them one most important biorefinery platforms. Furthermore, microalgae's ability alter their metabolism response stresses produce relatively levels high-value compounds makes a promising alternative fuels. As result, microalgae can significantly contribute long-term solutions critical global such as climate change. benefits algal biofuel have been demonstrated by significant reductions dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide emissions. Microalgae-derived biomass has potential generate wide range commercially compounds, novel materials, feedstock for variety industries, including cosmetics, food, feed. This review evaluates microalgal bioenergy carriers, biodiesel from stored lipids, alcohols reserved carbohydrate fermentation, hydrogen, syngas, methane, biochar bio-oils via anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification. use routes atmospheric removal approach being evaluated. cost production primarily determined culturing (77%), harvesting (12%), lipid extraction (7.9%). choice species cultivation mode (autotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic) factors controlling production, well fuel properties. simultaneous agricultural, municipal, or industrial wastewater low-cost option that could reduce economic costs while also providing valuable remediation service. Microalgae proposed viable candidate capture atmosphere point source. sequester 1.3 kg 1 biomass. Using potent strains efficient design bioreactors thus challenge. theoretically up 9% light convert 513 tons into 280 dry per hectare year open closed cultures. integrated bio-refinery recover high-value-added products waste create processing bioenergy. To system, should be coupled with thermochemical technologies, pyrolysis.

Language: Английский

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Biodegradable plastic applications towards sustainability: A recent innovations in the green product

Cleaner Engineering and Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100404 - 100404

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution biodegradable plastics sustainability in a new and sustainable economy, which perform their useful function without causing negative externalities. Biodegradable are those that degrade naturally over time. With research carried out across three diverse principles using triple bottom line method, multi-disciplinary strategy one-of-a-kind approach (social attitudes, environmental consequences, economic characteristics). became initial target, as position system would inevitably be diminished if it could not established for give equivalent or improved material properties contrast with traditional plastics. Therefore, look at various motives drive companies produce plastic products, well factors influence long-term viability. As result, found component was most important element, followed by effects social attitudes. also discusses variables adoption plastics, framework improving plastics' findings assess effectiveness suggested framework, includes seventeen spread levels sustainability. There nine dimension, eight seven dimension. This paper offers comprehensive efficient means evaluating finding optimal options industries

Language: Английский

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Applications of catalysts in thermochemical conversion of biomass (pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification): A critical review

Renewable Energy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 462 - 481

Published: July 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal Treatment of Biomass Feedstocks for Sustainable Production of Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: Progress and Perspectives

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(11), P. 7193 - 7294

Published: May 9, 2023

Hydrothermal process is an emerging technology that contributes to sustainable production of biomass-derived chemicals, fuels, and materials. This uses hot compressed water convert various biomass feedstocks including recalcitrant organic compounds in biowastes into desired solid, liquid, gaseous products. In recent years, considerable progress has been made the hydrothermal conversion lignocellulosic as well nonlignocellulosic value-added products bioenergy fulfill principles circular economy. However, it important assess processes terms their capabilities limitations from different sustainability aspects so further advances can be toward improvement technical maturity commercialization potential. The key aims this comprehensive review are (a) explain inherent properties physio-chemical characteristics bioproducts, (b) elucidate related transformation pathways, (c) clarify role for conversion, (d) evaluate capability treatment coupled with other technologies producing novel fuels materials, (e) explore assessments potential large-scale applications, (f) offer our perspectives facilitate transition a primarily petro-based alternative biobased society context changing climate.

Language: Английский

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