Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 2129 - 2169

Published: April 4, 2023

Abstract Microplastic pollution is becoming a major issue for human health due to the recent discovery of microplastics in most ecosystems. Here, we review sources, formation, occurrence, toxicity and remediation methods microplastics. We distinguish ocean-based land-based sources Microplastics have been found biological samples such as faeces, sputum, saliva, blood placenta. Cancer, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious inflammatory diseases are induced or mediated by exposure during pregnancy maternal period also discussed. Remediation include coagulation, membrane bioreactors, sand filtration, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocoagulation magnetic separation. Control strategies comprise reducing plastic usage, behavioural change, using biodegradable plastics. Global production has risen dramatically over past 70 years reach 359 million tonnes. China world's top producer, contributing 17.5% global production, while Turkey generates waste Mediterranean region, at 144 tonnes per day. 75% marine waste, with responsible 80–90% pollution, account only 10–20%. induce toxic effects on humans animals, cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, barrier attributes, genotoxicity, even minimal dosages 10 μg/mL. Ingestion animals results alterations gastrointestinal tract physiology, system depression, differential gene expression, growth inhibition. Furthermore, bioaccumulation tissues aquatic organisms can adverse ecosystem, potential transmission birds. Changing individual behaviours governmental actions, implementing bans, taxes, pricing carrier bags, significantly reduced consumption 8–85% various countries worldwide. The microplastic minimisation approach follows an upside-down pyramid, starting prevention, followed reducing, reusing, recycling, recovering, ending disposal least preferable option.

Language: Английский

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Recycling municipal, agricultural and industrial waste into energy, fertilizers, food and construction materials, and economic feasibility: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 765 - 801

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Abstract The global amount of solid waste has dramatically increased as a result rapid population growth, accelerated urbanization, agricultural demand, and industrial development. world's is expected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, while production will 2.59 tons. This deteriorate the already strained environment climate situation. Consequently, there an urgent need for methods recycle waste. Here, we review recent technologies treat waste, assess economic feasibility transforming into energy. We focus on municipal, agricultural, found that methane captured from landfilled-municipal in Delhi could supply 8–18 million houses with electricity generate 7140 gigawatt-hour, prospected potential 31,346 77,748 gigawatt-hour 2030 2060, respectively. Valorization food anaerobic digestion systems replace 61.46% natural gas 38.54% coal use United Kingdom, reduce land 1.8 hectares if provided animal feeds. also estimated levelized cost landfill waste-to-energy $0.04/kilowatt-hour $0.07/kilowatt-hour, payback time 0.73–1.86 years 1.17–2.37 years, Nonetheless, current treatment are still inefficient, particular treating containing over 60% water.

Language: Английский

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Green construction for low-carbon cities: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 1627 - 1657

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Abstract The construction industry is a major user of non-renewable energy and contributor to emission greenhouse gases, thus requiring achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Indeed, activities account for 36% global consumption 39% dioxide emissions. Reducing requires adapted government policies, analysis calculation models, sustainable materials. Here, we review green with focus on history, emissions, life cycle assessment, materials such as biochar, bioplastic, agricultural waste, animal wool, fly ash self-healing concrete. Analysis over the building shows that phase accounts 20–50% total average ratio annual operation 0.62. We present national policy frameworks technology roadmaps from United States America, Japan, China, European Union, highlighting plans neutrality in sector.

Language: Английский

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Methods to prepare biosorbents and magnetic sorbents for water treatment: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 2337 - 2398

Published: May 4, 2023

Access to drinkable water is becoming more and challenging due worldwide pollution the cost of treatments. Water wastewater treatment by adsorption on solid materials usually cheap effective in removing contaminants, yet classical adsorbents are not sustainable because they derived from fossil fuels, can induce secondary pollution. Therefore, biological sorbents made modern biomass increasingly studied as promising alternatives. Indeed, such biosorbents utilize waste that would otherwise pollute systems, promote circular economy. Here we review biosorbents, magnetic sorbents, other cost-effective with emphasis preparation methods, types, mechanisms, regeneration spent adsorbents. Biosorbents prepared a wide range materials, including wood, bacteria, algae, herbaceous agricultural waste, animal waste. Commonly removed contaminants comprise dyes, heavy metals, radionuclides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products. Preparation methods include coprecipitation, thermal decomposition, microwave irradiation, chemical reduction, micro-emulsion, arc discharge. Adsorbents be classified into activated carbon, biochar, lignocellulosic clays, zeolites, peat, humic soils. We detail isotherms kinetics. Regeneration supercritical fluid desorption. also discuss exhausted adsorbent management disposal. found agro-waste remove up 68–100% while wooden, herbaceous, bacterial, marine-based 55–99% metals. Animal waste-based 1–99% The average removal efficiency modified around 90–95%, but some treatments, cross-linked beads, may negatively affect their efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 1419 - 1476

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Abstract Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review of algal lignocellulosic with focus on products mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining anaerobic digestion, economy, life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, use supercritical fluids. We examined economic viability terms profitability, internal rate return, return investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, net present value. also reviewed 20 recent studies found that method highly influenced yield, ranging from 9.07 40.59% 10.1 41.25% biochar, 11.93 28.16% syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, reaction retention time were main factors controlling distribution products. Pyrolysis mechanisms bond breaking, cracking, polymerization re-polymerization, fragmentation. Biochar residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied soil thus potential remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons atmospheric annually. The generation bio-oil process is estimated be economically feasible.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing biomass pathways to bioenergy and biochar application in electricity generation, biodiesel production, and biohydrogen production

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 2639 - 2705

Published: June 28, 2023

Abstract The current energy crisis, depletion of fossil fuels, and global climate change have made it imperative to find alternative sources that are both economically sustainable environmentally friendly. Here we review various pathways for converting biomass into bioenergy biochar their applications in producing electricity, biodiesel, biohydrogen. Biomass can be converted biofuels using different methods, including biochemical thermochemical conversion methods. Determining which approach is best relies on the type involved, desired final product, whether or not sustainable. Biochemical methods currently most widely used from biomass, accounting approximately 80% all produced worldwide. Ethanol biodiesel prevalent via processes. Thermochemical less than conversion, 20% Bio-oil syngas, commonly manufactured wood chips, agricultural waste, municipal solid major by conversion. Biofuels potential displace up 27% world's transportation fuel 2050, could result a reduction greenhouse gas emissions 3.7 billion metric tons per year. Biochar yield high ranging 32.8% 97.75%, also serve as an anode, cathode, catalyst microbial cells with maximum power density 4346 mW/m 2 . plays role catalytic methane decomposition dry reforming, hydrogen rates 13.4% 95.7%. increase 220.3%.

Language: Английский

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Adsorptive removal of heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals: Carbon-based nanomaterials in focus

Carbon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 118621 - 118621

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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The “Vertigo” of the Food Sector within the Triangle of Climate Change, the Post-Pandemic World, and the Russian-Ukrainian War

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 721 - 721

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Over the last few years, world has been facing dramatic changes due to a condensed period of multiple crises, including climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, and Russian–Ukrainian war. Although different, these consecutive crises share common characteristics (e.g., systemic shocks non-stationary nature) impacts disruption markets supply chains), questioning food safety, security, sustainability. The current article analyses effects noted in sector before proposing target mitigation measures address different challenges. goal is transform systems increase their resilience This can only be achieved if all relevant actors within chain governments, companies, distributors, farmers, etc.) play role by designing implementing interventions policies. In addition, transformation should proactive concerning circular (valorizing several bioresources under principles neutral economy blue bioeconomy), digital (based on Industry 4.0 applications), inclusive (ensuring that citizens are actively engaged). Food production modernization emerging technologies) developing shorter more domestic chains also critical achieving security.

Language: Английский

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Advanced adsorbents for ibuprofen removal from aquatic environments: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 373 - 418

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Abstract The presence of pharmaceuticals in ecosystems is a major health issue, calling for advanced methods to clean wastewater before effluents reach rivers. Here, we review adsorption remove ibuprofen, with focus on ibuprofen occurrence and toxicity, adsorbents, kinetics, isotherms. Adsorbents include carbon- silica-based materials, metal–organic frameworks, clays, polymers, bioadsorbents. Carbon-based adsorbents allow the highest from 10.8 408 mg/g activated carbon 2.5–1033 biochar. Metal–organic frameworks appear promising due their high surface areas tunable properties morphology. 95% published reports reveal that kinetics follow pseudo-second-order model, indicating predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. 70% disclose Langmuir model describes isotherm, suggesting involves monolayer

Language: Английский

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An overview on the nutritional and bioactive components of green seaweeds

Food Production Processing and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 20, 2023

Abstract Green seaweed, as the most abundant species of macroseaweeds, is an important marine biological resource. It a rich source several amino acids, fatty and dietary fibers, well polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, other active substances, which have crucial roles in various processes such antioxidant activity, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory response. In recent years, attention to resources has accelerated exploration utilization green seaweeds for greater economic value. This paper elaborates on main nutrients substances present different provides review their activities applications high-value utilization. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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