ACS Polymers Au,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 26 - 34
Published: Dec. 16, 2024
Chemoenzymatic
polymerization
(CEP)
using
enzymes
as
catalysts
is
gaining
attention
an
environmentally
friendly
method
for
synthesizing
polypeptides.
This
proceeds
under
mild
conditions
in
aqueous
solvents
and
leverages
the
substrate
specificity
of
enzymes,
allowing
reactions
to
occur
without
need
protect
reactive
side-chain
functional
groups.
However,
monomers
used
must
have
esterified
C-termini,
such
amino
acids
or
oligopeptides.
In
this
study,
we
l-lysine
(Lys-OH)
a
model
example
performed
one-pot
CEP
with
papain
isolating
lysine.
Esterification
Lys-OH
was
achieved
by
hydrochloric
acid
catalyst
ethanol,
resulted
poly-l-lysine
(polyLys)
peak
top
degree
(DP)
6
maximum
DP
18,
31%
conversion
from
nonesterified
The
obtained
polyLys
all
α-linked,
demonstrating
that
regioselective
successfully
even
CEP.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 3, 2025
Abstract
The
excessive
use
of
fossil
fuels
has
significantly
increased
environmental
stress,
driving
the
need
for
green,
sustainable
biofuel
alternatives.
Innovations
in
photocatalysis
(PC),
electrocatalysis
(EC),
and
their
synergistic
approaches,
like
photothermal
catalysis
(PTC),
photo‐enzymatic
(PENC),
photoelectrocatalysis
(PEC),
offer
advanced
methods
biomass
conversion
into
biofuels,
surpassing
traditional
limitations.
However,
comprehensive
research
on
these
processes
is
still
lacking.
This
review
aims
to
systematically
analyze
recent
progress
catalytic
strategies
biomass‐to‐biofuel
conversion.
It
first
describes
characteristics,
types,
properties
biofuels.
Then,
it
explores
fundamental
mechanisms
PC,
EC,
combined
technologies.
chemical
pathways
involved
conversion—such
as
transesterification,
esterification,
hydrogenation,
decarboxylation,
bond
cleavage,
cyclization—are
examined.
Efficient
catalyst
design
specific
reactions
factors
influencing
efficiency
rates
are
also
discussed.
Additionally,
this
paper
assesses
impact
economic
benefits
green
technology
production,
offering
a
valuable
reference
energy
application.
addresses
challenges
deployment
production
suggests
future
directions,
aiming
provide
scientific
guidance
technical
support
development
vital
field.
In
summary,
underscores
importance
continued
innovation
promote
solutions.
Biochar,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Abstract
This
study
aimed
to
enhance
the
economic
viability
and
sustainability
of
cotton
industry
by
converting
cottonseed
into
energy.
Cottonseed
was
subjected
lipid
extraction
for
biodiesel
production,
a
pyrolysis
test
conducted
under
N
2
CO
conditions
valorise
defatted
cottonseed.
Under
conditions,
increase
in
concentration
due
homogeneous
reaction
with
volatile
matters.
Biochar,
pyrolytic
product
cottonseed,
used
as
catalyst
thermally
induced
transesterification,
showed
high
performance
conversion
efficiency
its
abundant
alkaline
earth
metals
meso-/macro-pores.
For
example,
transesterification
using
silica
at
250
˚C
yielded
only
1.6
wt.%
biodiesel,
whereas
biochar
same
temperature
resulted
significantly
higher
yield
83.5
wt.%.
experimentally
proved
that
7,900
tons
(304
million
MJ)
could
be
produced
annually,
surpassing
diesel
fuel
requirement
(145
cultivation.
These
results
indicate
potential
fully
replace
fossil
fuels
industry.
Graphical
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
ABSTRACT
Biodiesel
is
a
promising
green
chemical
feedstock
due
to
its
renewability
and
sustainability.
In
this
study,
bio‐based
plasticizers,
epoxidized
fatty
acid
isobutyl
esters
(Ep‐FABEs),
were
prepared
using
biodiesel
as
through
combination
of
transesterification
the
formic
autocatalytic
method.
The
effects
reaction
temperature,
time,
FA/C═C
molar
ratio,
H
2
O
/C═C
ratio
on
conversion
oxirane
(RCO)
during
epoxidation
process
investigated
central
composite
design.
Both
response
surface
methodology
(RSM)
artificial
neural
network
(ANN)
models
developed
model
optimize
process.
Comparative
analysis
revealed
that
ANN
demonstrated
superior
predictive
capabilities,
with
lower
mean
squared
error
(MSE),
absolute
(MAE),
higher
coefficient
determination
(
R
)
compared
RSM
model.
predicted
an
RCO
92%,
which
was
closely
aligned
experimental
value
91%
under
optimized
conditions
(reaction
temperature
66°C,
time
6.7
h,
0.35,
2.70).
Additionally,
physico‐chemical
properties
Ep‐FABEs
further
analyzed.
These
findings
provide
valuable
insights
into
production
plasticizers
feedstock.
Sustainable Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
overview
of
climate
change,
the
integrated
bioreactor
system,
together
with
a
life
cycle
assessment,
techno-economic
analysis,
and
implications
for
promoting
circular
economy
is
discussed.
ChemBioEng Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 28, 2025
Abstract
Large‐scale
biodiesel
production
faces
a
critical
challenge
due
to
its
relatively
high
cost,
compared
fossil‐based
diesel,
primarily
driven
by
expensive
feedstocks
and
processes.
To
address
this,
there
is
an
urgent
need
for
the
development
continuous
improvement
of
cost‐effective
eco‐friendly
technologies.
This
paper
comprehensively
reviews
techniques,
focusing
on
transesterification
reactor.
Recent
advancements
in
reactor
technologies,
including
tubular/plug‐flow
rotating
reactors,
are
discussed
detail.
The
merits
limitations
each
type
critically
analyzed
provide
insights
into
their
applicability
production.
Life
cycle
assessment
techno‐economic
analysis
using
reactors
discussed.
Furthermore,
explores
prospects
developing
innovative
systems,
emphasizing
sustainability
integrating
biorefinery
concepts
waste
feedstocks.
review
will
guide
future
research
efforts
toward
scalable
sustainable
