Annals of Applied Biology,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
162(1), P. 50 - 59
Published: Nov. 19, 2012
Abstract
Insecticide
resistance
is
frequently
associated
with
field
control
failure,
but
such
an
assessment
of
its
likelihood
seldom
occurs.
This
phenomenon
a
potential
cause
the
failure
tomato
leaf
miner
Tuta
absoluta
(
Lepidoptera
:
Gelechiidae
);
therefore
we
surveyed
insecticide
as
for
duration
7
years
in
20
populations
this
species.
The
label
rate
was
used
discriminating
concentration,
and
minimum
efficacy
threshold
required
insecticides
Brazil
(i.e.
80%
efficacy)
targeted
efficacy.
spatial
temporal
variations
were
also
assessed,
influence
land
topography
area‐wide
pattern
observed.
Most
T.
susceptible
to
abamectin,
chlorfenapyr
spinosad
not
bifenthrin,
triflumuron
teflubenzuron.
indoxacarb
susceptibility
varied
space
time.
Spatial
dependence
observed
abamectin
indoxacarb.
higher
A
flat
wind
direction
may
favour
spread
should
be
considered
designing
pest
management
programs
.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
63(1), P. 239 - 258
Published: Oct. 4, 2017
The
South
American
tomato
pinworm,
Tuta
absoluta
(Meyrick),
is
native
to
the
western
Neotropics.
After
invading
Spain
in
2006,
it
spread
rapidly
throughout
Afro-Eurasia
and
has
become
a
major
threat
world
production.
Integrated
pest
management
(IPM)
strategies
have
been
developed,
but
widespread
insecticide
use
caused
selection
for
resistance
as
well
undesirable
effects
on
key
beneficial
arthropods.
Augmentation
conservation
biological
control
relying
omnivorous
mirid
predators
proved
successful
of
T.
absoluta,
where
implementation
dependent
abiotic,
biotic
(e.g.,
alternative
prey),
anthropogenic
factors
pesticides).
Research
carried
out
larval
parasitoids,
showing
potential
further
development
sustainable
control.
resistant
varieties
ongoing,
they
are
not
commercially
available
yet.
Knowledge
gaps
remain
be
filled
optimize
IPM
packages
crops
help
prevent
worldwide.
Pest Management Science,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
68(12), P. 1523 - 1536
Published: Aug. 3, 2012
Spinosyn-based
products,
mostly
spinosad,
have
been
widely
recommended
by
extension
specialists
and
agribusiness
companies;
consequently,
they
used
to
control
various
pests
in
many
different
cropping
systems.
Following
the
worldwide
adoption
of
spinosad-based
products
for
integrated
organic
farming,
an
increasing
number
ecotoxicological
studies
published
past
10
years.
These
are
primarily
related
risk
assessment
spinosad
towards
beneficial
arthropods.
This
review
takes
into
account
recent
data
with
aim
(i)
highlighting
potentially
adverse
effects
spinosyns
on
arthropods
(and
hence
ecosystem
services
that
provide
agroecosystems),
(ii)
clarifying
range
methods
address
spinosyn
side
biocontrol
agents
pollinators
order
new
insights
development
more
accurate
bioassays,
(iii)
identifying
pitfalls
when
analysing
laboratory
results
assess
field
risks
(iv)
gaining
knowledge
using
pest
management
(IPM)
programmes
farming.
For
first
time,
a
thorough
possible
novel
(such
as
spinetoram)
(notably
natural
enemies
pollinators)
is
provided.
The
acute
lethal
effect
multiple
sublethal
identified
almost
all
arthropod
groups
studied.
will
help
optimise
future
use
IPM
notably
preventing
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
8(9), P. e76548 - e76548
Published: Sept. 30, 2013
Pesticide
risk
assessments
are
usually
based
on
short-term
acute
toxicity
tests,
while
longer-term
population
dynamic
related
traits,
critical
to
the
success
of
biological
control
and
Integrated
Pest
Management
(IPM)
programs,
often
overlooked.
This
is
increasingly
important
with
respect
new
biopesticides
that
frequently
cause
no
effects,
but
can
induce
multiple
physiological
behavioral
sublethal
leading
a
decrease
in
growth
ecosystem
services.
In
this
study
we
assessed
lethal
effects
six
[abamectin,
azadirachtin,
Bacillus
thuringiensis,
borax
plus
citrus
oil
(Prev-Am®),
emamectin
benzoate,
spinosad],
used
tomato
crops
invasive
pest
Tuta
absoluta
(Lepidoptera:
Gelechiidae),
adults
pupae
parasitoid
Bracon
nigricans
(Hymenoptera:
Braconidae).
Data
female
survival
production
offspring
were
calculate
indexes
as
measure
recovery
after
pesticide
exposure.
Spinosad
caused
100%
80%
mortality
exposed
(even
10
d
treatment)
pupae,
respectively.
Although
most
had
low
levels
toxicity,
observed.
The
biocontrol
activity
both
females
survived
1-h
10-d
old
residues,
emerged
from
topically
treated
was
significantly
affected
by
application
neurotoxic
insecticides
benzoate
abamectin.
Furthermore,
very
B.
demographic
indices
estimated
for
these
two
insecticides,
indicating
potential
local
extinction
wasp
populations.
Among
tested
products,
Bt
proved
be
safest
pupae.
Our
findings
emphasize
assessment
alone
cannot
fully
predict
actual
impact
pesticides
non-target
parasitoids.
Thus,
species
specific
life-history
variables
must
carefully
considered
order
assess
risks
incorporate
pesticides,
including
biopesticides,
into
IPM
programmes.
