Electroantennogram and machine learning reveal a volatile blend mediating avoidance behavior by Tuta absoluta females to a wild tomato plant

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract Tomato cultivation is threatened by the infestation of nocturnal invasive tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta . This study was based on field observations that a wild plant, Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme , grown in Mount Kenya region, Kenya, less attacked T. absoluta, unlike cultivated plants like S. (var. Rambo F1). We hypothesized plant may be actively avoided gravid females because emission repellent allelochemical constituents. Therefore, we compared levels pest monocrops and intercrops two genotypes, characterized headspace volatiles, then determined compounds detectable insect through gas chromatography-linked electroantennography (GC-EAG), finally performed bioassays using blend four EAG-active unique to tomato. found significant reductions monocrop tomato, plant. Quantitative qualitative differences were noted between volatiles plants, day night volatile collections. The most discriminating treatments varied with variable selection or machine learning methods used. In GC-EAG recordings, 16 including hexanal, ( Z )-3-hexenol, α -pinene, β -myrcene, -phellandrene, E )- -ocimene, terpinolene, limonene oxide, camphor, citronellal, methyl salicylate, -caryophyllene, others tentatively identified as 3,7,7-Trimethyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, germacrene D cis -carvenone oxide detected antennae females. Among these compounds, -caryophyllene -phellandrene are top 5 highlighted methods. A citronellal only showed dose-dependent repellence wind tunnel. provides some groundwork for exploiting allelochemicals development novel integrated management approaches against

Language: Английский

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Impact of ICT-based pest information services on tomato pest management practices in the Central Highlands of Kenya

Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 100036 - 100036

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Pests are a major threat to tomato producers globally, owing the substantial yield losses, low-quality produce, and low profitability that they cause. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been promoted as sustainable, effective, safe, environmentally friendly approach manage pests. However, many farmers in low- medium-income countries still rely exclusively on synthetic pesticides. Moreover, rarely observe pre-harvest intervals (PHI) after applying pesticides, lack of accurate timely information IPM safe use Information communication technologies (ICT) could bridge gaps pests their have deployed disseminating varied worldwide. effect ICT practices not adequately evaluated. This study applies propensity score matching (PSM) method assess impact ICT-based services (IBPIS) adoption observance PHI, using data collected from 170 Kenyan 2021. The results show 48.2% adopted at least one IBPIS. Adoption was 51.2% sample significantly higher among adopters IBPIS (64.6%) than non-adopters (38.6%). About 49% observed PHI. Further, adopting increased number control methods used by 22.8%, proportion 21.2%, PHI 61.7%. recommends farmer advisory incorporate multiple tools deliver farmers.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Economic Thresholds for Insecticide Applications Against Agricultural Pests: Importance of Pest and Natural Enemy Migration

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116(2), P. 321 - 330

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Abstract In Integrated Pest Management programs, insecticides are applied to agricultural crops when pest densities exceed a predetermined economic threshold. Under conditions of high natural enemy density, however, the threshold can be increased, allowing for fewer insecticide applications. These adjustments, called ‘dynamic thresholds’, allow farmers exploit existing biological control interactions without loss. Further, ability enemies disperse from, and subsequently immigrate into, insecticide-sprayed areas affect their potential. We develop theoretical approach incorporate both movement across field borders into dynamic thresholds explore how these applications farmer incomes. Our model follows its specialist over one growing season. An that targets also induces mortality enemy, via direct toxicity reduced resource densities. populations recover after spraying through within-field reproduction by immigration from neighboring unsprayed areas. The number per-season revenues calculated either fixed (ignoring densities) or (incorporating them). predicts using always leads application. benefit in reducing use is highest rapidly recolonize sprayed areas, efficacy low. discuss real-life situations which monitoring would substantially reduce other scenarios where presence beneficial organisms may lead modifications.

Language: Английский

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Risk Assessment of Spodoptera exempta against Food Security: Estimating the Potential Global Overlapping Areas of Wheat, Maize, and Rice under Climate Change

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 348 - 348

Published: May 13, 2024

Spodoptera exempta, known as the black armyworm, has been extensively documented an invasive agricultural pest prevalent across various crop planting regions globally. However, potential geographical distribution and threat it poses to host crops of remains unknown at present. Therefore, we used optimized MaxEnt model based on 841 occurrence records 19 bioclimatic variables predict suitable areas S. exempta under current future climatic conditions, overlap with wheat, rice, maize was assessed. The highly reliable in predicting for this pest. results showed that high-risk were mainly developing countries, including Latin America, central South Africa, southern Asia. Moreover, three major global food crops, posed greatest risk (510.78 × 104 km2), followed by rice wheat areas. Under climate scenarios, warming will limit exempta. Overall, had strongest effect production least Our study offers a scientific basis prevention protection crops.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Potential Distribution of Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in China

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1253 - 1253

Published: July 18, 2024

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a pest that interferes with the health of forests and hinders development forestry industry, its spread influenced by changes in abiotic factors human activities. The potential distribution areas B. China under four shared-economic pathways were predicted using optimized MaxEnt model (version 3.4.3), combining data from variety environmental variables: (1) prediction natural variables current climate models; (2) + activities (3) future models (2050s 2070s). Meanwhile, whether niche has changed over time analyzed. results showed activities, precipitation driest month, annual precipitation, elevation had significant effects on xylophilus. In conditions, greatly reduced survival area xylophilus, suitable was mainly concentrated southwestern central regions China. Under influence change future, habitat will gradually to northeast. addition, ecological overlap analysis greater than 0.74. This study provides important information for understanding adaptation risk which can help guide decision making control forest protection.

Language: Английский

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